Geth 命令

命令详情及翻译

• geth 就是go-ethereum的命令行接口

• 使用形式: geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]

• 当前版本: 1.7.2-stable-1db4ecdc

• 命令参数（command）

  // 管理账户
  account     Manage accounts
  // 启动交互式JavaScript环境（连接到节点）
  attach      Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
  // 打开浏览器并进入提交问题界面
  bug         opens a window to report a bug on the geth repo
  // 启动交互式JavaScript环境
  console     Start an interactive JavaScript environment
  // 从目标数据链文件夹创建一个本地链
  copydb      Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder
  // 从存储转储一个特定的块
  dump        Dump a specific block from storage
  // 显示配置的值
  dumpconfig  Show configuration values
  // 导出区块链到文件
  export      Export blockchain into file
  // 导入一个区块链文件
  import      Import a blockchain file
  // 引导和初始化一个新的起源块
  init        Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
  // 执行指定的js文件
  js          Execute the specified JavaScript files
  // 显示许可证信息
  license     Display license information
  // 产生ethash验证缓存（测试）
  makecache   Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
  // ethash挖掘生成DAG（测试）
  makedag     Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
  // 
  monitor     Monitor and visualize node metrics
  // 移除区块链和状态数据库
  removedb    Remove blockchain and state databases
  // 打印版本
  version     Print version numbers
  // 管理以太坊钱包
  wallet      Manage Ethereum presale wallets
  // 帮助信息
  help, h     Shows a list of commands or help for one command
  

• 可选参数

  • ETHEREUM OPTIONS

    // TOML的配置文件
    --config value                           TOML configuration file
    // "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum" 就是创建Ethereum文件夹和在其下创建数据库和密钥存储库的相应文件和 也可以是其他任何你想放置的位置以及文件以及文件名
    --datadir "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum"  Data directory for the databases and keystore
    // 密钥文件文件（默认在datadir文件夹下）
    --keystore                               Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
    --nousb                                  Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
    // 网络标识符，长整型，默认是1
    --networkid value                        Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1)
    // Ropsten网络：预配置工作证明的测试网络
    --testnet                                Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
    // Rinkeby网络: 预配置权威证明的测试网络
    --rinkeby                                Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
     // 开发者模式(预先配置的带有多个调试标志的专用网络)
    --dev                                    Developer mode: pre-configured private network with several debugging flags
    // 区块链同步模式：fast,full,light
    --syncmode "fast"                        Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light")
    // 报告ethstats服务器的url，例如：(nodename:secret@host:port)
    --ethstats value                         Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
    // 自定义节点名字
    --identity value                         Custom node name
    --lightserv value                        Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (0-90) (default: 0)
    // LES客户端最大可以用的节点（默认是20）
    --lightpeers value                       Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 20)
    --lightkdf                               Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
    

  • ETHASH OPTIONS

    --ethash.cachedir                     Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
    --ethash.cachesinmem value            Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
    --ethash.cachesondisk value           Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
    --ethash.dagdir "/Users/zsk/.ethash"  Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder)
    --ethash.dagsinmem value              Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
    --ethash.dagsondisk value             Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
    

  • TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS

    --txpool.nolocals            Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
    --txpool.journal value       Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
    --txpool.rejournal value     Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
    --txpool.pricelimit value    Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
    --txpool.pricebump value     Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
    --txpool.accountslots value  Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
    --txpool.globalslots value   Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
    --txpool.accountqueue value  Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
    --txpool.globalqueue value   Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
    --txpool.lifetime value      Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
    

  • PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS

    --cache value            Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (min 16MB / database forced) (default: 128)
    --trie-cache-gens value  Number of trie node generations to keep in memory (default: 120)
    

  • ACCOUNT OPTIONS

    --unlock value    Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
    --password value  Password file to use for non-interactive password input
    

  • API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS

    --rpc                  Enable the HTTP-RPC server
    --rpcaddr value        HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
    --rpcport value        HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
    --rpcapi value         API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
    --ws                   Enable the WS-RPC server
    --wsaddr value         WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
    --wsport value         WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
    --wsapi value          API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
    --wsorigins value      Origins from which to accept websockets requests
    --ipcdisable           Disable the IPC-RPC server
    --ipcpath              Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
    --rpccorsdomain value  Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
    --jspath loadScript    JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
    --exec value           Execute JavaScript statement
    --preload value        Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
    

  • NETWORKING OPTIONS

    --bootnodes value     Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers)
    --bootnodesv4 value   Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes)
    --bootnodesv5 value   Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes)
    --port value          Network listening port (default: 30303)
    --maxpeers value      Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25)
    --maxpendpeers value  Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
    --nat value           NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
    --nodiscover          Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
    --v5disc              Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
    --netrestrict value   Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
    --nodekey value       P2P node key file
    --nodekeyhex value    P2P node key as hex (for testing)
    

  • MINER OPTIONS

    --mine                    Enable mining
    --minerthreads value      Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 4)
    --etherbase value         Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account created) (default: "0")
    --targetgaslimit value    Target gas limit sets the artificial target gas floor for the blocks to mine (default: 4712388)
    --gasprice "18000000000"  Minimal gas price to accept for mining a transactions
    --extradata value         Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
    

  • GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS

    --gpoblocks value      Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 10)
    --gpopercentile value  Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 50)
    

  • VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS

    --vmdebug  Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
    

  • LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS

    --metrics                 Enable metrics collection and reporting
    --fakepow                 Disables proof-of-work verification
    --nocompaction            Disables db compaction after import
    --verbosity value         Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
    --vmodule value           Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
    --backtrace value         Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
    --debug                   Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
    --pprof                   Enable the pprof HTTP server
    --pprofaddr value         pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
    --pprofport value         pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
    --memprofilerate value    Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
    --blockprofilerate value  Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
    --cpuprofile value        Write CPU profile to the given file
    --trace value             Write execution trace to the given file
    

  • WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS

    --shh                       Enable Whisper
    --shh.maxmessagesize value  Max message size accepted (default: 1048576)
    --shh.pow value             Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)
    

  • DEPRECATED OPTIONS

    --fast   Enable fast syncing through state downloads
    --light  Enable light client mode
    

  • MISC OPTIONS

    --help, -h  show help
    

• 真实配置过程

  1.  geth --datadir "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum" --dev
      解析:   --datadir "/Users/zsk/Library/Ethereum" 就是创建数据库和密钥存储库的相应文件和Ethereum文件夹
              --dev 开发者模式(预先配置的带有多个调试标志的专用网络)
      error:  Fatal: Error starting protocol stack: database already contains an incompatible genesis block (have d4e56740f876aef8, new e5be92145a301820). 暂未找到解决方案，但是不影响测试
  2.  geth --dev console 2>>file_to_log_output
      解析:   --dev 开发者模式
              console 启动交互式JavaScript环境
              该命令会打开geth控制台，同时在当前命令行所在的文件目录下生成一个叫做file_to_log_output的日志文件，一些操作打印日志会直接记录在这个文件中
  3.  geth控制台操作
      eth.accounts // 查看当前用户，返回值为一个数组
      personal.newAccount('密码') // 创建一个新的用户
      user1 = eth.accounts[0] // 把数组的第一个值赋予user1
      eth.getBalance(user1) // 查询这个账户的余额
      miner.start() // 开始挖矿
      miner.stop() // 停止挖矿
      personal.unlockAccount(user1,'123456') // 解锁用户1
      eth.sendTransaction({from: user1, to: user2, value:web3.toWei(3,'ether')}) // user1 向 user2 转3个币
      // 现在去查询user2余额还是为0，每次交易的确认，其实都是需要挖矿的，也就是被其他矿工共识确认，然后才能加入区块链的账本中
      // 所以在此挖矿
      miner.start() // 开始挖矿
      miner.stop() // 过一会停止挖矿
      // 此时在查询，就会发现user2中有3个币
      eth.getBalance(user2)
      
      
  

• 完整geth命令介绍如下

  bogon:~ zsk$ geth help
  .....