SpringBoot 启动过程

2020-09-14  本文已影响0人  云中人山

本文基于SpringBoot 2.1.12.RELEASE

一个常见的SpringBoot启动类为

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

}

其中 @SpringBootApplication@SpringBootConfiguration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan三者的聚合

其中@SpringBootConfiguration@Configuration无异, ComponentScan也不用多说,@EnableAutoConfiguation则实际上用了@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class}),用于将指定目录下的配置类进行加载,其原理类似SPI,也无须多讲。

1. SpringApplication#run()方法

public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {
        return run(new Class<?>[] { primarySource }, args);
}
// 上一级调用的接口
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
        return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
    }

可以看到,run()方法最后返回的是 new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args)

2. SpringApplication 的构造函数

接下来,进入此处的SpringApplication的构造函数,到最底层调用的是

public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
        this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
        Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
        // 1.将配置类放入
        this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
        // 2.判断webApplication的类型,枚举有  NONE  SERVLET REACTIVE
        this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
        
        // 3.加载ApplicationContextInitializer配置并实例化,关联到SpringApplication#initializer 
      //底层是SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader)
        setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
        // 4.与上一句类似 加载ApplicationListener配置并实例化,关联到SpringApplication#listener
        setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
        // 5.推断应用引导类
        this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}

setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));中具体的调用路径为

// 加载制定目录下对应类型的类,并初始化后返回实例
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
        ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
        // 作用是获取META-INF/spring.factories下的所有ApplicationContextInitializer类
        Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
        // 初始化对应的类
        List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
        // 排序
        AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
        return instances;
}

// 将所有的ApplicationContextInitializer 关联到SpringApplication#initializers中
public void setInitializers(Collection<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> initializers) {
        this.initializers = new ArrayList<>();
        this.initializers.addAll(initializers);
}

this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();的具体函数为

// 推断引导类
private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
        try {
            // 获取当前线程执行栈
            StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
            for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
                // 哪个类包含main方法
                if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
                    return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
                }
            }
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            // Swallow and continue
        }
        return null;
    }

3. SpringApplication(primarySources).run方法—— 真正启动

// 创建并refresh一个ApplicationContext
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
        //设置系统属性『java.awt.headless』,为true则启用headless模式支持
        configureHeadlessProperty();
        //通过*SpringFactoriesLoader*检索*META-INF/spring.factories*,
       //找到声明的所有SpringApplicationRunListener的实现类并将其实例化,
       //之后逐个调用其started()方法,广播SpringBoot要开始执行了
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
        //发布应用开始启动事件
        listeners.starting();
        try {
        //初始化参数
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
            //创建并配置当前SpringBoot应用将要使用的Environment(包括配置要使用的PropertySource以及Profile),
        //并遍历调用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的environmentPrepared()方法,广播Environment准备完毕。
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
            configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
            //打印banner
            Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
            //创建应用上下文
            context = createApplicationContext();
            //通过*SpringFactoriesLoader*检索*META-INF/spring.factories*,获取并实例化异常分析器
            exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
                    new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
            //为ApplicationContext加载environment,之后逐个执行ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize()方法来进一步封装ApplicationContext,
        //并调用所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared()方法,【EventPublishingRunListener只提供了一个空的contextPrepared()方法】,
        //之后初始化IoC容器,并调用SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded()方法,广播ApplicationContext的IoC加载完成,
        //这里就包括通过**@EnableAutoConfiguration**导入的各种自动配置类。
            prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
            //刷新上下文
            refreshContext(context);
            //再一次刷新上下文,其实是空方法,可能是为了后续扩展。
            afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }
            //发布应用已经启动的事件
            listeners.started(context);
            //遍历所有注册的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner,并执行其run()方法。
        //我们可以实现自己的ApplicationRunner或者CommandLineRunner,来对SpringBoot的启动过程进行扩展。
            callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        }

        try {
        //应用已经启动完成的监听事件
            listeners.running(context);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        }
        return context;
    }

}

其中,SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);getRunListeners中调用了getSpringFactorieInstances方法,其作用就是加载制定目录下的配置类


private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
        Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
    // 获取配置的SpringApplicationRunListener
        return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger,
                getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}
3.1 创建上下文

context = createApplicationContext()创建上下文的语句,其源码为

/**
    默认上下文
     */
    public static final String DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework.boot."
            + "web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext";

    /**
    reactive上下文
     */
    public static final String DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS = "org.springframework."
            + "boot.web.reactive.context.AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext";

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
        Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
        if (contextClass == null) {
            try {
                switch (this.webApplicationType) {
                case SERVLET:
                    contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                    break;
                case REACTIVE:
                    contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                    break;
                default:
                    contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                }
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
                        ex);
            }
        }
        return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
    }

即在默认web环境下,上下文的实现为AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext

3.2 上下文运行前准备

prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);的源码为

private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, ConfigurableEnvironment environment,
            SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners, ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
        // 设置环境 必须在refresh之前 原因为若使用 AbstractApplicationContext#createEnvironment,则由BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现environment属性的装载,但是无法保证在PostProcessor中最早执行
        context.setEnvironment(environment);
        // 上下文后置处理  处理resourceLoader,classLoader以及conversionService
        postProcessApplicationContext(context);
        // 迭代执行所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的实现类
        applyInitializers(context);
        // 发布 contextPrepared的事件
        listeners.contextPrepared(context);
        if (this.logStartupInfo) {
            logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
            logStartupProfileInfo(context);
        }
        // Add boot specific singleton beans
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
        beanFactory.registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
        if (printedBanner != null) {
            beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
        }
        if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
            //允许Override
            ((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
                    .setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
        }
        // 读取所有的源信息 参照第一步的 primarySources
        Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
        Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
        // 将所有的上下文配置源(sources)读取并放入上下文中
        load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
        // 执行SpringApplicationRunListener#contextLoaded回调
        // 发布ApplicationLoadedEvent
        listeners.contextLoaded(context);
    }

可以看到,在此期间内,listeners发送了两次事件,一次是contextPrepared,一次是contextLoaded

3.3 refreshContext

内部为

private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        refresh(context);
        if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
            try {
                context.registerShutdownHook();
            }
            catch (AccessControlException ex) {
                // Not allowed in some environments.
            }
        }
    }

其实就是调用的((AbstractApplicationContext) applicationContext).refresh()

至此,我们基本上把SpringBoot的启动的大致过程摸清楚了。

在查询资料的过程中,发现一篇文章写的不错,是侧重于启动过程中Tomcat的处理,有兴趣可以看看

Tomcat在SpringBoot中是如何启动的

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