英语口语

L12 U5 Awkward situations

2019-05-04  本文已影响0人  AsaGuo

Module 1 Talking about awkawrd situations

1. Awkward situations

尴尬场景:每个人或多或少都遭遇过尴尬的场景。学习有关尴尬场景的这个词汇。

get on with是英式英语。美式英语的说法是get along with。

get on with也可以表示开始做某事。你可以用这个短语表示没有耐心的意思。

这是更多有关尴尬场景的表达。短语faux pas源自法语。注意这三个表达都包含动词 make。

2. Review:auxiliary verbs 复习:助动词

不规则动词be既可做主动词又可作助动词。做助动词时be和主动词一起用在进行时和被动语态中。

不规则动词have既可做主动词又可作助动词。做助动词时,have和主动词一起用在完成时态中。

助动词do用在问句和否定句中。

3. Expressing disbelief and shame

表达不信任和羞耻: 有几种方式可以表示对某人行为的disbelief(不信任)。

有几种表达shame(羞耻)的方式。注意shame可以指为他人感到羞耻,I'm ashamed of you!,也可以指对自己感到羞耻,I'm ashamed of myself。

Module 2 Dealing with awkward questions

1. Making small talk

寒暄:当你在社交场合第一次见到某人时,适当small talk(寒暄)是很重要的。这是一些开始寒暄的小技巧。
如果你之前听说过这个人的名字,可以提到这一点。同时注意如何回应。

还有一种开始寒暄的方法是找到一个没有争议的共同话题。这是一些相关表达。同时注意如何回应。

2. Shortened sentences

简化句:在非正式对话中,英语母语人士经常简化语句,方式可以是省略非核心词或合并词汇。注意这几个例子中省略和合并的词。

美国人经常用一般过去时来代替语法更为正确的现在完成时。这是另一种句子简化方式。

3. Dealing with sensitive topics 对敏感话题的处理

有些话题是带有敏感性的,这些话题是否恰当依个人和文化的不同情况而有所不同。如果你有疑问,最好问一下对方话题是否合适。

即便你跟这个人很熟,谈到敏感话题可能还是需要征求对方的同意。

对这类问题的回应还是取决于个人。

如果你跟一个不同文化的人谈话,或许你要给他们一些关于你们国家文化习俗方面的建议。

Module 3 Managing an awkward situation

1. Expressions for life events

生活事件的表达:描述诸如离家、找工作和结婚一类的生活事件有多种方式,很多都是idioms(习语)和proverbs(谚语)。

更多关于生活事件的表达:

2. Criticizing and responding to criticism

批评和回应批评:批评可以是直接的,也可以是间接或者更委婉的。直接的批评通常让人感到更具进攻性,甚至无礼。学习直接的批评方式。注意,请不要轻易对一个人用这样的措辞,除非你对他非常生气。

间接批评通常用在正式或职业场合,一般会让人感觉少一些攻击性。

一个人回应批评的方式往往取决于他对批评的看法。他的回答可能表达歉意,感到内疚,自我辩解或是充满挑衅。注意,最后一例辩解的意味尤为强烈,可能被认为不礼貌。

3. Responding to awkward situations 回应尴尬局面

当人们处于尴尬局面时,他们有各种应对方式。比如,他们可以试着explain themselves(解释自己)。

他们可能会deny(否认)自己做过或说过某事。

有些人甚至会试着对这样的局面feign ignorance(装糊涂)。

或者他们可以apologize(道歉),这通常也是最好的办法。

Module 4 Writing a letter of apology

1. Apologizing and responding to apologies

道歉和回应道歉:在道歉的时候我们常常会描述一下自己的所作所为。我们也有可能会请求原谅。这里是一些用于道歉的表达:

这里是一些接受或拒绝道歉的表达:

2. Comparing with 'as ... as' 用“as…… as”作比较

用as+形容词+as来表示两个某些方面一样或不一样的事物。

'as … as'比较句也可用副词或副词短语修饰。

3. The perfect apology

The perfect apology
As long ago as 1976, Elton John wrote the line, 'Sorry seems to be the hardest word.' Not much has changed since then – saying sorry is still one of the hardest things to do. Here are six simple steps to make apologizing easier.

Work out what you did wrong
There's no use delivering an emotional, heartfelt apology, only for the person to tell you that was not why they were upset. Before you apologize, work out what you did wrong; if you have to, you can even ask the person you upset.

Take all the blame
If there are no excuses for your words or behavior, then don't make any. Don't blame the weather, don't blame your boss and don't blame the dog. This is your apology. Own it.

Timing is everything
It's usually best to apologize directly after your mistake. On the other hand, if you think the person is too angry or upset, it might be best to wait a while. The timing of your apology is up to you but, if you don't get it right, you risk making the person even more angry or upset than they were in the first place.

Say 'sorry'
Okay. You've worked out what you did wrong. You've chosen your time and your place. Now it's time to say those three, oh-so-difficult words, 'I am sorry.' Start by referring to what went wrong:
'About yesterday, when I forgot our anniversary . . .'
Once you've established the purpose of the conversation, apologize in clear, direct sentences. Admit what you did wrong, and admit the hurt you caused:
'I shouldn't have forgotten. It was awful of me. I know how much it hurt you.'
Then the magic words:
'I'm really, really sorry.'

Make up for your mistake
Saying sorry doesn't actually end with the word 'sorry.' Now you have to make amends. Explain what you are going to do to make it up to the person:
'I promise you, I'll never forget our anniversary again. To make up for yesterday, why don't we eat out at your favorite restaurant tonight? My treat.'
Once you've explained how you are going to make amends, then do it, and do it properly. Ensure that the dinner is exceptional. Don't forget next year's anniversary. Keeping promises is an essential part of a relationship, as well as being the crucial part of an apology.

Thank the person you hurt
Thank the person for forgiving you. Tell them how much they mean to you. Remember – apologizing isn't about making yourself feel better but the person you hurt. Say something like:
'You're my best friend. I never want to lose our friendship.'
'I really enjoy working with you. I'd hate it if we couldn't get along.'
'You're the love of my life. You mean everything to me.'
These six simple steps won't work, however, without one vital ingredient: sincerity. An insincere apology is not an apology at all. Above all else, be sincere.

4. Writing an apology 写道歉信

一种为某事真诚道歉的方法是给这个人写一封信或者邮件。这是一些写信的步骤。首先,称呼要简洁。

在信的开始,提及你写信来道歉的事实。

然后陈述你的错误。

接下来,保证不会再发生,并且你希望将来还能有更好的互动。

最后,用一个合适的短语结束写信,然后写你的名字。你可能想最后一次道歉。


my apologies
From:
phil.blundell@bigcompany.com
To: peter.coates@bigcompany.com
Dear Peter,

Even though we talked, I am writing to apologize for the things I said in the office. I was way out of line talking about your personal life and your performance at work. You rightly pointed out that I am not your manager.
In my mind, I was trying to help, but that's no excuse. My actions were unacceptable, and I hope you can forgive me. I can assure you that it won't happen again. I hope we can move beyond this.
Again, you have my sincere apology.

Sincerely,
Phil


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