Dysfunctional T cells

2023-08-16  本文已影响0人  Yayamia

1. T cell exhaustion

2. T cell anergy

- Clonal anergy

①arises from incomplete T cell activation
②mostly observed in previously activated
T cells
③is maintained by a block in the Ras/MAP kinase pathway, can be reversed
by IL-2 or anti-OX40 signaling
④does not result in the inhibition of effector
functions
⑤In brief, the state can be induced in CD4
T cell clones in about 6-12h by delivery of a strong T cell receptor (TCR) signal in the absence of costimulation or by stimulation with a low-affinity ligand in the presence of costimulation.

-Adaptive anergy

①initiated in naive T cells in vivo by stimulation in an environment deficient in costimulation or high in coinhibition
②can be induced in the thymus or in the periphery
③The cells proliferate and differentiate to
varying degrees and then downregulate both functions in the face of persistent antigen.
④The state involves an early block in tyrosine kinase activation, which predominantly
inhibits calcium mobilization, and an independent mechanism that blocks signaling
through the IL-2 receptor

3. T cell senescence

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