[雪峰磁针石博客]python外部库介绍-xlwt 创建xls文

简介

参考资料：

下载地址：xlwt

官方网址：http://www.python-excel.org/

介绍胶片：http://www.simplistix.co.uk/presentations/python-excel.pdf

文件备份地址：qq群：630011153

更多excel相关python库参考

可爱的python测试开发库 请在github上点赞，谢谢！
python中文库文档汇总
[雪峰磁针石博客]python3标准库-中文版
[雪峰磁针石博客]python3快速入门教程
接口自动化性能测试线上培训大纲
python测试开发自动化测试数据分析人工智能自学每周一练
更多内容请关注 雪峰磁针石：简书

• 技术支持qq群： 144081101(后期会录制视频存在该群群文件) 591302926 567351477 钉钉免费群：21745728

• 道家技术-手相手诊看相中医等钉钉群21734177 qq群：391441566 184175668 338228106 看手相、面相、舌相、抽签、体质识别。服务费50元每人次起。请联系钉钉或者微信pythontesting

快速入门

下面例子，创建一个名为mini.xls的文件，它有一个空sheet：'xlwt was here'。代码见mini.py。

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('xlwt was here')
w.save('mini.xls')

Workbook类初始化时有encoding和style_compression参数。
encoding，设置字符编码，一般要这样设置：w = Workbook(encoding='utf-8')，就可以在excel中输出中文了。默认是ascii。当然要记得在文件头部添加：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

style_compression表示是否压缩，不常用。

Workbook还有一些属性：

Owner设置文档所有者。

country_code：国家码

wnd_protect：窗口保护

obj_protect：对象保护

Protect：保护

backup_on_save：保存时备份

Hpos：横坐标

Vpos：纵坐标

Width：宽度

Height：高度

active_sheet：活动sheet

tab_width：tab宽度

wnd_visible：窗口是否可见

wnd_mini：窗口最小化

hscroll_visible：横向滚动条是否可见。

vscroll_visible：纵向滚动条是否可见。

tabs_visible：tab是否可见。

dates_1904：是否使用1904日期系统

use_cell_values：单元格的值

default_style：默认样式

colour_RGB：颜色

比如设置国家码，代码：country.py：

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook()
w.country_code = 61
ws = w.add_sheet('AU')
w.save('country.xls')

方法有：add_style，add_font，add_str，del_str，str_index，add_rt，rt_index，add_sheet，get_sheet，raise_bad_sheetname，convert_sheetindex，setup_xcall，add_sheet_reference。

插入图片

add_sheet 会返回一个Worksheet 类。创建的时候有可选参数cell_overwrite_ok，表示是否可以覆盖单元格，其实是Worksheet实例化的一个参数，默认值是False。

Worksheet初始化的参数有sheetname，parent_book，cell_overwrite_ok。

Worksheet的属性有：Row，Column，explicit_magn_setting（默认False），visibility（默认0），split_position_units_are_twips（默认False），row_default_height_mismatch，row_default_hidden，row_default_space_above，row_default_space_below，last_used_row，first_used_row，last_used_col，row_tempfile。以上属性类定义中。

函数构成的属性有：name，parent（只读），rows（只读），cols（只读），merged_ranges（只读），bmp_rec（只读），show_formulas，show_grid，show_headers，panes_frozen，auto_colour_grid，cols_right_to_left，show_outline，remove_splits，selected，sheet_visible，page_preview，first_visible_row，first_visible_col，grid_colour，preview_magn，normal_magn，scl_magn，vert_split_pos，horz_split_pos，vert_split_first_visible，horz_split_first_visible，show_auto_page_breaks，dialogue_sheet，auto_style_outline，outline_below，outline_right，fit_num_pages，show_row_outline，show_col_outline，alt_expr_eval，alt_formula_entries，row_default_height，col_default_width，calc_mode，calc_count，RC_ref_mode，iterations_on，delta，save_recalc，print_headers，print_grid，vert_page_breaks，horz_page_breaks，header_str，footer_str，print_centered_vert，print_centered_horz，left_margin，right_margin，top_margin，bottom_margin，paper_size_code，print_scaling，start_page_number，fit_width_to_pages，fit_height_to_pages，print_in_rows，portrait，print_colour，print_draft，print_notes，print_notes_at_end，print_omit_errors，print_hres，print_vres，header_margin，footer_margin，copies_num，wnd_protect，obj_protect，protect，scen_protect，password。

方法有：get_parent，write，write_rich_text，merge，write_merge，insert_bitmap，col，row，row_height，col_width。

下面例子使用 insert_bitmap来插入图片。代码：image.py：

from xlwt import *，

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('Image')
ws.insert_bitmap('python.bmp', 2, 2)
ws.insert_bitmap('python.bmp', 10, 2)

w.save('image.xls')

设置样式

下面例子改变字体的高度。代码：row_styles.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (C) 2005 Kiseliov Roman

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
ws = w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')

for i in range(6, 80):
    fnt = Font()
    fnt.height = i*20
    style = XFStyle()
    style.font = fnt
    ws.write(i, 1, '武冈')
    ws.row(i).set_style(style)
w.save('row_styles.xls')

XFStyle用于设置字体样式，有描述字符串num_format_str，字体font，居中alignment，边界borders，模式pattern，保护protection等属性。另外还可以不写单元格，直接设置格式，比如代码row_styles_empty：

from pyExcelerator import *

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')

for i in range(6, 80):
    fnt = Font()
    fnt.height = i*20
    style = XFStyle()
    style.font = fnt
    ws.row(i).set_style(style)
w.save('row_styles_empty.xls')

设置列宽：ws.col(i).width = 0x0d00 + i

公式

Formula方法可以生成公式，注意Formula中的公式是不需要等号的。下面例子simple.py输出了红色的”Test”，并在第3行包含了公式。

import xlwt
from datetime import datetime

font0 = xlwt.Font()
font0.name = 'Times New Roman'
font0.colour_index = 2
font0.bold = True

style0 = xlwt.XFStyle()
style0.font = font0

style1 = xlwt.XFStyle()
style1.num_format_str = 'D-MMM-YY'

wb = xlwt.Workbook()
ws = wb.add_sheet('A Test Sheet')

ws.write(0, 0, 'Test', style0)
ws.write(1, 0, datetime.now(), style1)
ws.write(2, 0, 1)
ws.write(2, 1, 1)
ws.write(2, 2, xlwt.Formula("A3+B3"))

wb.save('example.xls')

这里另有一个公式的实例parse-fmla.py：

from xlwt import ExcelFormulaParser, ExcelFormula
import sys

f = ExcelFormula.Formula(
""" -((1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898))*
AVERAGE((1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898); 
        (1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898); 
        (1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898)) + 
SIN(PI()/4)""")

合并单元格

write_merge可以合并单元格, 注意1,2个参数表示行数，3,4的参数表示列数。实例：merged0.py。

from xlwt import *

wb = Workbook()
ws0 = wb.add_sheet('sheet0')


fnt = Font()
fnt.name = 'Arial'
fnt.colour_index = 4
fnt.bold = True

borders = Borders()
borders.left = 6
borders.right = 6
borders.top = 6
borders.bottom = 6

style = XFStyle()
style.font = fnt
style.borders = borders

ws0.write_merge(3, 3, 1, 5, 'test1', style)
ws0.write_merge(4, 10, 1, 5, 'test2', style)
ws0.col(1).width = 0x0d00

wb.save('merged0.xls')

日期格式

XFStyle类的num_format_str属性可以设置数值的输出格式，也对日期生效。日期格式的实例, 代码：dates.py

from xlwt import *
from datetime import datetime

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')

fmts = [
    'M/D/YY',
    'D-MMM-YY',
    'D-MMM',
    'MMM-YY',
    'h:mm AM/PM',
    'h:mm:ss AM/PM',
    'h:mm',
    'h:mm:ss',
    'M/D/YY h:mm',
    'mm:ss',
    '[h]:mm:ss',
    'mm:ss.0',
]

i = 0
for fmt in fmts:
    ws.write(i, 0, fmt)

    style = XFStyle()
    style.num_format_str = fmt

    ws.write(i, 4, datetime.now(), style)

    i += 1

w.save('dates.xls')

边框

Borders类的left，right，bottom，top属性分别可以设置左右低高的边框，Font类的name可以设置字体类型，struck_out为是否添加删除线，bold为是否为粗体，下面展示了不同边框和删除样式的字体, 代码blanks.py：

from xlwt import *

font0 = Font()
font0.name = 'Times New Roman'
font0.struck_out = True
font0.bold = True

style0 = XFStyle()
style0.font = font0


wb = Workbook()
ws0 = wb.add_sheet('0')

ws0.write(1, 1, 'Test', style0)

for i in range(0, 0x53):
    borders = Borders()
    borders.left = i
    borders.right = i
    borders.top = i
    borders.bottom = i

    style = XFStyle()
    style.borders = borders

    ws0.write(i, 2, '', style)
    ws0.write(i, 3, hex(i), style0)

ws0.write_merge(5, 8, 6, 10, "")

wb.save('blanks.xls')

字体颜色

Font中的colour_index可以设置颜色，下面展示了不同颜色的字体，可以作为颜色参考, 代码format.py：

from xlwt import *

font0 = Font()
font0.name = 'Times New Roman'
font0.struck_out = True
font0.bold = True

style0 = XFStyle()
style0.font = font0


wb = Workbook()
ws0 = wb.add_sheet('0')

ws0.write(1, 1, 'Test', style0)

for i in range(0, 0x53):
    fnt = Font()
    fnt.name = 'Arial'
    fnt.colour_index = i
    fnt.outline = True

    borders = Borders()
    borders.left = i

    style = XFStyle()
    style.font = fnt
    style.borders = borders

    ws0.write(i, 2, 'colour', style)
    ws0.write(i, 3, hex(i), style0)


wb.save('format.xls')

超级链接

Formula中的可以插入HYPERLINK超级链接，代码hyperlinks.py：

from xlwt import *

f = Font()
f.height = 20*72
f.name = 'Verdana'
f.bold = True
f.underline = Font.UNDERLINE_DOUBLE
f.colour_index = 4

h_style = XFStyle()
h_style.font = f

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('F')

##############
## NOTE: parameters are separated by semicolon!!!
##############

n = "HYPERLINK"
ws.write_merge(1, 1, 1, 10, Formula(n + '("http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1000.pdf";"f1000.pdf")'), h_style)
ws.write_merge(2, 2, 2, 25, Formula(n + '("mailto:roman.kiseliov@gmail.com?subject=pyExcelerator-feedback&Body=Hello,%20Roman!";"pyExcelerator-feedback")'), h_style)

w.save("hyperlinks.xls")

编码

在没有指定编码的情况下，也可以通过unicode输出字符，不过这样比较费劲，建议还是使用utf-8编码，代码unicode1.py：

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook()
ws1 = w.add_sheet(u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA}\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA}\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA}')

ws1.write(0, 0, u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA}\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA}\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA}')
ws1.write(1, 1, u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA}x = 1 + \N{GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA}')

ws1.write(2,0, u'A\u2262\u0391.')     # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(3,0, u'Hi Mom -\u263a-!')   # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(4,0, u'\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E') # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(5,0, u'Item 3 is \u00a31.') # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(8,0, u'\N{INTEGRAL}')       # RFC2152 example

w.add_sheet(u'A\u2262\u0391.')     # RFC2152 example
w.add_sheet(u'Hi Mom -\u263a-!')   # RFC2152 example
one_more_ws = w.add_sheet(u'\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E') # RFC2152 example
w.add_sheet(u'Item 3 is \u00a31.') # RFC2152 example

one_more_ws.write(0, 0, u'\u2665\u2665')

w.add_sheet(u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS}')
w.save('unicode1.xls')

冻结

冻结设置panes_frozen为True，然后设置冻结的位置就好。支持行冻结，列冻结及相关的隐藏功能。代码：panes.py:

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook()
ws1 = w.add_sheet('sheet 1')
ws2 = w.add_sheet('sheet 2')
ws3 = w.add_sheet('sheet 3')
ws4 = w.add_sheet('sheet 4')
ws5 = w.add_sheet('sheet 5')
ws6 = w.add_sheet('sheet 6')

for i in range(0x100):
    ws1.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)

for i in range(0x100):
    ws2.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)

for i in range(0x100):
    ws3.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)

for i in range(0x100):
    ws4.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)

for i in range(0x100):
    ws5.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)

for i in range(0x100):
    ws6.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)

ws1.panes_frozen = True
ws1.horz_split_pos = 2

ws2.panes_frozen = True
ws2.vert_split_pos = 2

ws3.panes_frozen = True
ws3.horz_split_pos = 1
ws3.vert_split_pos = 1

ws4.panes_frozen = False
ws4.horz_split_pos = 12
ws4.horz_split_first_visible = 2

ws5.panes_frozen = False
ws5.vert_split_pos = 40
ws4.vert_split_first_visible = 2

ws6.panes_frozen = False
ws6.horz_split_pos = 12
ws4.horz_split_first_visible = 2
ws6.vert_split_pos = 40
ws4.vert_split_first_visible = 2

w.save('panes.xls')

数值格式

和日期格式类似，代码：num_formats.py：

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')

fmts = [
    'general',
    '0',
    '0.00',
    '#,##0',
    '#,##0.00',
    '"$"#,##0_);("$"#,##',
    '"$"#,##0_);[Red]("$"#,##',
    '"$"#,##0.00_);("$"#,##',
    '"$"#,##0.00_);[Red]("$"#,##',
    '0%',
    '0.00%',
    '0.00E+00',
    '# ?/?',
    '# ??/??',
    'M/D/YY',
    'D-MMM-YY',
    'D-MMM',
    'MMM-YY',
    'h:mm AM/PM',
    'h:mm:ss AM/PM',
    'h:mm',
    'h:mm:ss',
    'M/D/YY h:mm',
    '_(#,##0_);(#,##0)',
    '_(#,##0_);[Red](#,##0)',
    '_(#,##0.00_);(#,##0.00)',
    '_(#,##0.00_);[Red](#,##0.00)',
    '_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* (#,##0);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_)',
    '_(* #,##0_);_(* (#,##0);_(* "-"_);_(@_)',
    '_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* (#,##0.00);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)',
    '_(* #,##0.00_);_(* (#,##0.00);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)',
    'mm:ss',
    '[h]:mm:ss',
    'mm:ss.0',
    '##0.0E+0',
    '@'   
]

i = 0
for fmt in fmts:
    ws.write(i, 0, fmt)

    style = XFStyle()
    style.num_format_str = fmt

    ws.write(i, 4, -1278.9078, style)

    i += 1

w.save('num_formats.xls')

更多公式

Formulas.py有更多公式可供参考：

from xlwt import *

w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('F')

ws.write(0, 0, Formula("-(1+1)"))
ws.write(1, 0, Formula("-(1+1)/(-2-2)"))
ws.write(2, 0, Formula("-(134.8780789+1)"))
ws.write(3, 0, Formula("-(134.8780789e-10+1)"))
ws.write(4, 0, Formula("-1/(1+1)+9344"))

ws.write(0, 1, Formula("-(1+1)"))
ws.write(1, 1, Formula("-(1+1)/(-2-2)"))
ws.write(2, 1, Formula("-(134.8780789+1)"))
ws.write(3, 1, Formula("-(134.8780789e-10+1)"))
ws.write(4, 1, Formula("-1/(1+1)+9344"))

ws.write(0, 2, Formula("A1*B1"))
ws.write(1, 2, Formula("A2*B2"))
ws.write(2, 2, Formula("A3*B3"))
ws.write(3, 2, Formula("A4*B4*sin(pi()/4)"))
ws.write(4, 2, Formula("A5%*B5*pi()/1000"))

##############
## NOTE: parameters are separated by semicolon!!!
##############


ws.write(5, 2, Formula("C1+C2+C3+C4+C5/(C1+C2+C3+C4/(C1+C2+C3+C4/(C1+C2+C3+C4)+C5)+C5)-20.3e-2"))
ws.write(5, 3, Formula("C1^2"))
ws.write(6, 2, Formula("SUM(C1;C2;;;;;C3;;;C4)"))
ws.write(6, 3, Formula("SUM($A$1:$C$5)"))

ws.write(7, 0, Formula('"lkjljllkllkl"'))
ws.write(7, 1, Formula('"yuyiyiyiyi"'))
ws.write(7, 2, Formula('A8 & B8 & A8'))
ws.write(8, 2, Formula('now()'))

ws.write(10, 2, Formula('TRUE'))
ws.write(11, 2, Formula('FALSE'))
ws.write(12, 3, Formula('IF(A1>A2;3;"hkjhjkhk")'))

w.save('formulas.xls')

保护

from xlwt import *

fnt = Font()
fnt.name = 'Arial'
fnt.colour_index = 4
fnt.bold = True

borders = Borders()
borders.left = 6
borders.right = 6
borders.top = 6
borders.bottom = 6

style = XFStyle()
style.font = fnt
style.borders = borders

wb = Workbook()

ws0 = wb.add_sheet('Rows Outline')

ws0.write_merge(1, 1, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(2, 2, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(3, 3, 1, 3, 'test 2', style)
ws0.write_merge(4, 4, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(5, 5, 1, 4, 'test 3', style)
ws0.write_merge(6, 6, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(7, 7, 1, 5, 'test 4', style)
ws0.write_merge(8, 8, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(9, 9, 1, 3, 'test 5', style)

ws0.row(1).level = 1
ws0.row(2).level = 1
ws0.row(3).level = 2
ws0.row(4).level = 2
ws0.row(5).level = 2
ws0.row(6).level = 2
ws0.row(7).level = 2
ws0.row(8).level = 1
ws0.row(9).level = 1


ws1 = wb.add_sheet('Columns Outline')

ws1.write_merge(1, 1, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(2, 2, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(3, 3, 1, 3, 'test 2', style)
ws1.write_merge(4, 4, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(5, 5, 1, 4, 'test 3', style)
ws1.write_merge(6, 6, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(7, 7, 1, 5, 'test 4', style)
ws1.write_merge(8, 8, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(9, 9, 1, 3, 'test 5', style)

ws1.col(1).level = 1
ws1.col(2).level = 1
ws1.col(3).level = 2
ws1.col(4).level = 2
ws1.col(5).level = 2
ws1.col(6).level = 2
ws1.col(7).level = 2
ws1.col(8).level = 1
ws1.col(9).level = 1


ws2 = wb.add_sheet('Rows and Columns Outline')

ws2.write_merge(1, 1, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(2, 2, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(3, 3, 1, 3, 'test 2', style)
ws2.write_merge(4, 4, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(5, 5, 1, 4, 'test 3', style)
ws2.write_merge(6, 6, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(7, 7, 1, 5, 'test 4', style)
ws2.write_merge(8, 8, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(9, 9, 1, 3, 'test 5', style)

ws2.row(1).level = 1
ws2.row(2).level = 1
ws2.row(3).level = 2
ws2.row(4).level = 2
ws2.row(5).level = 2
ws2.row(6).level = 2
ws2.row(7).level = 2
ws2.row(8).level = 1
ws2.row(9).level = 1

ws2.col(1).level = 1
ws2.col(2).level = 1
ws2.col(3).level = 2
ws2.col(4).level = 2
ws2.col(5).level = 2
ws2.col(6).level = 2
ws2.col(7).level = 2
ws2.col(8).level = 1
ws2.col(9).level = 1


ws0.protect = True
ws0.wnd_protect = True
ws0.obj_protect = True
ws0.scen_protect = True
ws0.password = "123456"

ws1.protect = True
ws1.wnd_protect = True
ws1.obj_protect = True
ws1.scen_protect = True
ws1.password = "abcdefghij"

ws2.protect = True
ws2.wnd_protect = True
ws2.obj_protect = True
ws2.scen_protect = True
ws2.password = "ok"

wb.protect = True
wb.wnd_protect = True
wb.obj_protect = True
wb.save('protection.xls')

综合实例

下面程序xlwt_easyxf_simple_demo.py的write_xls对输出xls进行了一定封装，比较有实用意义。

import xlwt
import datetime
ezxf = xlwt.easyxf

def write_xls(file_name, sheet_name, headings, data, heading_xf, data_xfs):
    book = xlwt.Workbook()
    sheet = book.add_sheet(sheet_name)
    rowx = 0
    for colx, value in enumerate(headings):
        sheet.write(rowx, colx, value, heading_xf)
    sheet.set_panes_frozen(True) # frozen headings instead of split panes
    sheet.set_horz_split_pos(rowx+1) # in general, freeze after last heading row
    sheet.set_remove_splits(True) # if user does unfreeze, don't leave a split there
    for row in data:
        rowx += 1
        for colx, value in enumerate(row):
            sheet.write(rowx, colx, value, data_xfs[colx])
    book.save(file_name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    mkd = datetime.date
    hdngs = ['Date', 'Stock Code', 'Quantity', 'Unit Price', 'Value', 'Message']
    kinds =  'date    text          int         price         money    text'.split()
    data = [
        [mkd(2007, 7, 1), 'ABC', 1000, 1.234567, 1234.57, ''],
        [mkd(2007, 12, 31), 'XYZ', -100, 4.654321, -465.43, 'Goods returned'],
        ] + [
            [mkd(2008, 6, 30), 'PQRCD', 100, 2.345678, 234.57, ''],
        ] * 100

    heading_xf = ezxf('font: bold on; align: wrap on, vert centre, horiz center')
    kind_to_xf_map = {
        'date': ezxf(num_format_str='yyyy-mm-dd'),
        'int': ezxf(num_format_str='#,##0'),
        'money': ezxf('font: italic on; pattern: pattern solid, fore-colour grey25',
            num_format_str='$#,##0.00'),
        'price': ezxf(num_format_str='#0.000000'),
        'text': ezxf(),
        }
    data_xfs = [kind_to_xf_map[k] for k in kinds]
    write_xls('xlwt_easyxf_simple_demo.xls', 'Demo', hdngs, data, heading_xf, data_xfs)