Spring MVC 之 简单配置

Spring Java 注解配置之 WebMvc配置

2017-08-07  本文已影响1016人  巧哥儿

Spring MVC配置(替代web.xml)

Spring MVC配置主要由以下几个部分组成：

  1. Spring MVC启动器
  2. RootApplicationContext
  3. ServletApplicationContext

Spring MVC启动器

Spring MVC启动器主要是实现WebApplicationInitializer接口的实现类。该接口提供一个方法：onStartup(ServletContext servletContext)。当WEB服务容器启动时会扫描所有实现该接口的实现类，并调用onStartup方法。在实现类中可以通过ServletContext注册接口、Servlet等web.xml能实现的配置。

public interface WebApplicationInitializer {
        void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException;
}

在Spring Web包中提供了1个实现WebApplicationInitializer接口的抽象类,在Spring Webmvc包中提供了2个继承于AbstractContextLoaderInitializer的抽象类：

  1. AbstractContextLoaderInitializer
  2. AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer
  3. AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer

AbstractContextLoaderInitializer

该抽象类只是为了创建ContextLoaderListener，并通过抽象方法createRootApplicationContext创建的RootApplicationContext注入进Servlet容器事件里面去。

AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer

该抽象类继承于AbstractContextLoaderInitializer，默认注册了一个 通过ServletApplicationContext创建的DispatcherServlet。以及提供了配置Mappers的抽象方法、注册Filters的默认返回null的基本方法。

AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer

该抽象类继承于AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer，使用AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext来创建RootApplicationContext与ServletApplicationContext。getRootConfigClasses和getServletConfigClasses两个抽象方法，通过两个抽象方法来注册java配置类。

开始配置

我的配置有以下配置类

  1. SpringStartupInitializer
  2. ServletRootConfig
  3. ServletWebConfig
  4. SpringCacheEhcacheConfig
  5. SpringDataSourceConfig
  6. SpringShiroSourceConfig

SpringStartupInitializer

SpringStartupInitializer是为了替代web.xml，它是一个实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口的类，由于我的配置主要是使用注解配置，因此SpringStartupInitializer是为了替代web只需基础于AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer。

public class SpringStartupInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected FrameworkServlet createDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext servletAppContext) {
        DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
        dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(true);

        return dispatcherServlet;
    }

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        super.onStartup(servletContext);

        registerDruidStatViewServlet(servletContext);
    }

    @Override
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        return new Filter[] { //
                new CharacterEncodingFilter("UTF-8"), // 编码转换
                new DelegatingFilterProxy("springSessionRepositoryFilter"), // Spring Session
                new DelegatingFilterProxy("shiroFilter") };
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class<?>[] { ServletRootConfig.class };
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class<?>[] { ServletWebConfig.class };
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] { "/*" };
    }
}

ServletRootConfig

该配置类主要是配置缓存、数据源、Shiro安全框架

@Configuration
@EnableCaching // 启用缓存注解
@EnableScheduling // 启用注解配置定时器
@Import(value = { SpringCacheEhcacheConfig.class, SpringDataSourceConfig.class, SpringShiroConfig.class })
public class ServletRootConfig {
    /**
     * Session ID 管理
     * 
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public HttpSessionIdResolver httpSessionIdResolver() {
               // Session ID 获取，主要作用是为了从请求中获取sessionID，这里使用的我自己实现的一个方式
               // Spring 提供有三种获取方式:
               // 1、CookieHttpSessionIdResolver  从Cookie中获取
               // 2、HeaderHttpSessionIdResolver 从请求头中获取
               // 3、ParamHttpSessionIdResolver 从请求参数中获取

        return new OrderHttpSessionIdResolver();
    }

    /** 加载配置文件 */
    @Bean("propertiesBean")
    public PropertiesFactoryBean propertiesFactoryBean() throws IOException {
        PropertiesFactoryBean factoryBean = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
        factoryBean.setLocations(ResourceUtil.getResources("classpath:config/*.properties"));

        return factoryBean;
    }

    /** 注入配置文件 */
    @Bean("propertyPlaceholderConfigurer")
    public static PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer propertyPlaceholderConfigurer(@Qualifier("propertiesBean") Properties properties) throws IOException {
        PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer configurer = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
        configurer.setProperties(properties);

        return configurer;
    }
}

ServletWebConfig

ServletWebConfig是实现WebMvcConfigurer的配置类，主要是为了配置Spring WebMvc。在WebMvcConfigurer类中提供有一下空方法


    /** */
    @Override
    default void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) ;

    /** 配置内容协商器 */
    @Override
    default void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) ;

    /** */
    @Override
    default void configureAsyncSupport(AsyncSupportConfigurer configurer) ;

    /** */
    @Override
    default void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) ;

    /** 添加格式转换器 */
    @Override
    default void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry);

    /** 添加过滤器 */
    @Override
    default void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry);

    /** 添加静态资源 */
    @Override
    default void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry);

    /** 添加跨域配置 */
    @Override
    default void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry);

    /** */
    @Override
    default void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry);

    /** 配置视图转换器 */
    @Override
    default void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry);

    /** */
    @Override
    default void addArgumentResolvers(List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers);

    /** */
    @Override
    default void addReturnValueHandlers(List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> returnValueHandlers);

    /** 配置消息转换器，会覆盖Spring默认的消息转换器 */
    @Override
    default void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters);

    /** 在Spring默认的消息转换器基础上，扩展自定义消息转换器 */
    @Override
    default void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters);

    /** 配置异常处理器 */
    @Override
    default void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> exceptionResolvers);

    /** 扩展默认异常处理器 */
    @Override
    default void extendHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> exceptionResolvers);

    /**  */
    @Override
    default Validator getValidator();

    /** */
    @Override
    default MessageCodesResolver getMessageCodesResolver();

在这里我的ServletWebConfig只实现了部分方法


@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc // 启用WebMVC
@ComponentScan("cn.virens.web.controller") // 扫描controller所在的包
@Import(value = { SpringBeetlConfig.class })// beetl 配置(源码：https://gitee.com/virens/multi_spring/blob/master/src/main/java/cn/virens/config/SpringBeetlConfig.java)
public class ServletWebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    /**
     * 内容协商器配置。将后缀为json的配置为json处理，后缀为jspx的为页面处理
     */
    @Override
    public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.defaultContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);

        configurer.mediaType("jspx", MediaType.TEXT_HTML);
        configurer.mediaType("json", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
    }

    /**
     * 添加视图解析器
     */
    @Override
    public void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {
        // 配置Beetl 视图
        BeetlSpringViewResolver beetlSpringViewResolver = new BeetlSpringViewResolver();
        beetlSpringViewResolver.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        beetlSpringViewResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        beetlSpringViewResolver.setOrder(2);

        // 配置FastJson 视图
        FastJsonJsonView fastJsonJsonView = new FastJsonJsonView();
        fastJsonJsonView.getFastJsonConfig().setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        fastJsonJsonView.getFastJsonConfig().setDateFormat(CalendarUtil.YMD_HMS); // 所有时间格式都为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

        // 注册视图
        registry.viewResolver(beetlSpringViewResolver);
        registry.enableContentNegotiation(fastJsonJsonView);
    }

    /**
     * 添加消息转换器
     */
    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        FastJsonHttpMessageConverter fastJsonHttpMessageConverter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter();
        fastJsonHttpMessageConverter.getFastJsonConfig().setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        fastJsonHttpMessageConverter.getFastJsonConfig().setDateFormat(CalendarUtil.YMD_HMS); // 所有时间格式都为yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

        // 将消息转换器转给Spring进行管理
        converters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
        converters.add(new ResourceHttpMessageConverter());
        converters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
        converters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
        converters.add(fastJsonHttpMessageConverter);
    }

    /**
     * 添加异常统一处理
     */
    @Override
    public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> exceptionResolvers) {
                // 我自己实现的(源码:https://gitee.com/virens/multi_spring/blob/master/src/main/java/cn/virens/web/components/spring/VirExceptionResolver.java)
        VirExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new VirExceptionResolver();

        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMessage(UnauthorizedException.class, "未授权");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMessage(UnauthenticatedException.class, "未登录");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMessage(NoHandlerFoundException.class, "接口不存在");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMessage(DataIntegrityViolationException.class, "请检查约束");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMessage(MaxUploadSizeExceededException.class, "文件超出大小限制");

        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMappings(UnauthorizedException.class, "/error/401");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMappings(UnauthenticatedException.class, "/error/401");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMappings(HostUnauthorizedException.class, "/error/401");
        exceptionResolver.addExceptionMappings(NoHandlerFoundException.class, "/error/404");

        exceptionResolver.setDefaultErrorView("/error/500");
        exceptionResolver.setDefaultStatusCode(500);
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");
        exceptionResolver.afterPropertiesSet();

        exceptionResolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
    }

    /**
     * 格式转换器
     */
    @Override
    public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
        registry.addConverter(new DateConverter());
    }

    /**
     * 添加静态资源路径
     */
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/error/**").addResourceLocations("/error/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/assets/**").addResourceLocations("/assets/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/upload/**").addResourceLocations("/upload/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/favicon.ico").addResourceLocations("/favicon.ico");
    }

    /**
     * 跨域配置
     */
    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        registry.addMapping("/api/**").allowedMethods("GET", "POST", "OPTIONS").allowedHeaders("X-Auth-Token", "Content-Type").exposedHeaders("X-Auth-Token").allowCredentials(true).maxAge(86400);
    }

    /** 文件上传配置 */
    @Bean
    public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver() {
        CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
        multipartResolver.setMaxUploadSize(10 * 1024 * 1024);
        multipartResolver.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");

        return multipartResolver;
    }

    /** 注入配置文件 */
    @Bean("propertyPlaceholderConfigurer")
    public static PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer propertyPlaceholderConfigurer(@Qualifier("propertiesBean") Properties properties) throws IOException {
        PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer configurer = new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
        configurer.setProperties(properties);

        return configurer;
    }
}
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