Redis 的基本操作

2022-08-21  本文已影响0人  右耳菌

1. 启动redis-server

在Linux下建议先修改/创建一个redis的conf文件
一个简单的conf文件示例如下：

#配置文件进行了精简，完整配置可自行和官方提供的完整conf文件进行对照。端口号自行>对应修改

#后台后动的意思
daemonize yes
#端口号
port 6379
#IP绑定,redis不建议对公网开放,直接绑定0.o.o.0没毛病
bind 0.0.0.0

redis-server /ect/softwares/redis/conf/6379.conf

2. redis-cli 连接 redis-server

可以使用--help查看redis-cli的各种参数意义：

[root@lazyfennec redis-5.0.14]# redis-cli --help

redis-cli 5.0.14

Usage: redis-cli [OPTIONS] [cmd [arg [arg ...]]]
  -h <hostname>      Server hostname (default: 127.0.0.1).
  -p <port>          Server port (default: 6379).
  -s <socket>        Server socket (overrides hostname and port).
  -a <password>      Password to use when connecting to the server.
                     You can also use the REDISCLI_AUTH environment
                     variable to pass this password more safely
                     (if both are used, this argument takes predecence).
  -u <uri>           Server URI.
  -r <repeat>        Execute specified command N times.
  -i <interval>      When -r is used, waits <interval> seconds per command.
                     It is possible to specify sub-second times like -i 0.1.
  -n <db>            Database number.
  -x                 Read last argument from STDIN.
  -d <delimiter>     Multi-bulk delimiter in for raw formatting (default: \n).
  -c                 Enable cluster mode (follow -ASK and -MOVED redirections).
  --raw              Use raw formatting for replies (default when STDOUT is
                     not a tty).
  --no-raw           Force formatted output even when STDOUT is not a tty.
  --csv              Output in CSV format.
  --stat             Print rolling stats about server: mem, clients, ...
  --latency          Enter a special mode continuously sampling latency.
                     If you use this mode in an interactive session it runs
                     forever displaying real-time stats. Otherwise if --raw or
                     --csv is specified, or if you redirect the output to a non
                     TTY, it samples the latency for 1 second (you can use
                     -i to change the interval), then produces a single output
                     and exits.
  --latency-history  Like --latency but tracking latency changes over time.
                     Default time interval is 15 sec. Change it using -i.
  --latency-dist     Shows latency as a spectrum, requires xterm 256 colors.
                     Default time interval is 1 sec. Change it using -i.
  --lru-test <keys>  Simulate a cache workload with an 80-20 distribution.
  --replica          Simulate a replica showing commands received from the master.
  --rdb <filename>   Transfer an RDB dump from remote server to local file.
  --pipe             Transfer raw Redis protocol from stdin to server.
  --pipe-timeout <n> In --pipe mode, abort with error if after sending all data.
                     no reply is received within <n> seconds.
                     Default timeout: 30. Use 0 to wait forever.
  --bigkeys          Sample Redis keys looking for keys with many elements (complexity).
  --memkeys          Sample Redis keys looking for keys consuming a lot of memory.
  --memkeys-samples <n> Sample Redis keys looking for keys consuming a lot of memory.
                     And define number of key elements to sample
  --hotkeys          Sample Redis keys looking for hot keys.
                     only works when maxmemory-policy is *lfu.
  --scan             List all keys using the SCAN command.
  --pattern <pat>    Useful with --scan to specify a SCAN pattern.
  --intrinsic-latency <sec> Run a test to measure intrinsic system latency.
                     The test will run for the specified amount of seconds.
  --eval <file>      Send an EVAL command using the Lua script at <file>.
  --ldb              Used with --eval enable the Redis Lua debugger.
  --ldb-sync-mode    Like --ldb but uses the synchronous Lua debugger, in
                     this mode the server is blocked and script changes are
                     not rolled back from the server memory.
  --cluster <command> [args...] [opts...]
                     Cluster Manager command and arguments (see below).
  --verbose          Verbose mode.
  --no-auth-warning  Don't show warning message when using password on command
                     line interface.
  --help             Output this help and exit.
  --version          Output version and exit.

Cluster Manager Commands:
  Use --cluster help to list all available cluster manager commands.

Examples:
  cat /etc/passwd | redis-cli -x set mypasswd
  redis-cli get mypasswd
  redis-cli -r 100 lpush mylist x
  redis-cli -r 100 -i 1 info | grep used_memory_human:
  redis-cli --eval myscript.lua key1 key2 , arg1 arg2 arg3
  redis-cli --scan --pattern '*:12345*'

  (Note: when using --eval the comma separates KEYS[] from ARGV[] items)

When no command is given, redis-cli starts in interactive mode.
Type "help" in interactive mode for information on available commands
and settings.

redis-cli -h 192.168.1.7 -p 6666

3. String 类型相关

  1. set: 设置一个key的值，可以是数字哦~
127.0.0.1:6379> set hello "hello world"
OK
  1. get: 获取一个key的值
127.0.0.1:6379> get hello
"hello world"
  1. incr: 将一个值为数字的内容自增1，如果这个key原来是nil（也就是没有存储数据），那么第一次会自动设置成1哦
127.0.0.1:6379> incr num
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr num
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> incr num
(integer) 3
  1. decr: 将一个值为数字的内容自减1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr num
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> decr num
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr num
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> decr num
(integer) -1
  1. append: 将新的内容添加到一个值的后面
127.0.0.1:6379> append test "hello "
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> append test "neco"
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> get test
"hello neco"
  1. 其他内容

4. Hash 类型相关

  1. hset: 在一个hash类型中设置一个key-value值
127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 field1 value1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 field2 value2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 field3 value3
(integer) 1
  1. hget: 获取一个hash类型中的一个key的value值
127.0.0.1:6379> hget hash1 field1
"value1"
  1. hgetall: 获取一个hash类型中的所有 key-value 键值对
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash1
1) "field1"
2) "value1"
3) "field2"
4) "value2"
5) "field3"
6) "value3"
  1. hlen: 获取一个hash类型中的 key-value 数量
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen hash1
(integer) 3
  1. hkeys: 获取一个hash类型的所有keys
127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys hash1
1) "field1"
2) "field2"
3) "field3"
  1. hvals: 获取一个hash类型的所有values
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals hash1
1) "value1"
2) "value2"
3) "value3"
  1. hmset: 设置多个 key-value 键值对到一个hash类型中
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset hash2 field1 "hello " field2 "world"
OK
  1. hmget: 获取一个hash类型中的多个key的值
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget hash2 field1 field2
1) "hello "
2) "world"
  1. 其他内容

5. List 类型相关

  1. lpush: 往一个list前面插入一个或多个值
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 2 3
(integer) 3
  1. lpop: 获取并从列表中删除第一个值
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list1
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list1
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list1
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list1
(nil)
  1. lrange: 获取list中指定范围内的内容，其中-1 表示最后一个哦~
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "2"
3) "-1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 10
1) "one"
2) "2"
3) "-1"
  1. lset: 根据index设置list中的一个值
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list1 1 2 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 10
1) "3"
2) "2"
3) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list1 0 one
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 10
1) "one"
2) "2"
3) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list1 -1 -1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 10
1) "one"
2) "2"
3) "-1"
  1. lindex: 获取list指定index的值
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list1 0
"one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list1 1
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list1 2
"-1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list1 -1
"-1"
  1. llen: 获取list的容量大小
127.0.0.1:6379> llen list1
(integer) 3
  1. 其他内容

6. Set 类型相关

  1. sadd: 添加一个或多个值到set中
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 1 2 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 4
(integer) 1
  1. spop: 从set中删除并返回随机元素，后边可以加上要删除并且返回的个数，如果不加上，那么默认是一个。
127.0.0.1:6379> spop set1 
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop set1 2
1) "3"
2) "1"
  1. smembers: 罗列set中的所有元素
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set1
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
  1. scard: 获取set的元素个数
127.0.0.1:6379> scard set1
(integer) 4
  1. sdiff: 将多个set相减，返回内容，比如set1 - set2， 那么返回的将是set1中除了set2中所有元素的元素
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 1 2 3 4
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 2 3 4 5
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set1 set2
1) "1"
  1. sinter: 相交，即数学意义上的集合相交，返回的是相交的内容
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1 set2
1) "2"
2) "3"
3) "4"
  1. sunion: 合并，即数学意义上的集合并集，返回的是并集内容
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion set1 set2
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
  1. sismember: 判断一个值是否在一个set中
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember set1 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember set1 5
(integer) 0
  1. 其他内容

7. Sorted Set 内容相关

这个类型表示 可排序的集合 重要的一点，就是这个类型在添加的时候，需要加上一个分数

  1. zadd: 添加一个或多个到一个 sorted set中
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 1 "one"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 2 "two" 3 "three"
(integer) 2
  1. zrange: 返回根据分数带正序（从小到大）排序的范围内的列表，可以在后边加上withscores 把分数一并返回
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
  1. zrevrange: 返回根据分数带逆序（从大到小）排序的范围内的列表，可以在后边加上withscores 把分数一并返回
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange zset1 0 -1 withscores
1) "three"
2) "3"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "one"
6) "1"
  1. zcard: 获取sorted set中元素的数量
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zset1
(integer) 3
  1. zcount: 获取sorted set 中分数在一定范围内的元素数量
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zset1 1 2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zset1 1 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zset1 1 1
(integer) 1
  1. zscore: 获取sorted set中一个元素的分数
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset1 one
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset1 two
"2"
  1. 其他内容

8. 其他一些比较重要的操作指令

  1. del: 删除指定的key值
127.0.0.1:6379> del hello
(integer) 1
  1. exists: 判断key是否存在
127.0.0.1:6379> exists hello
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> exists zset1
(integer) 1
  1. type: 获取key值中的数据类型是什么类型
127.0.0.1:6379> type hello
string
127.0.0.1:6379> type hash1
hash
127.0.0.1:6379> type list1
list
127.0.0.1:6379> type zset1
zset
127.0.0.1:6379> type set1
set
  1. flushdb: 清空数据
127.0.0.1:6379> flushdb
OK

9. 更多内容

请查看官网 https://redis.io/

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