Docker入门之一（镜像）
2019-02-25 本文已影响0人
平头哥2
安装docker：
[root@langzi01 ~]# yum install -y docker
启动docker服务：
[root@langzi01 ~]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service
获取镜像：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker pull ubuntu
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/ubuntu ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/ubuntu
6cf436f81810: Pull complete
987088a85b96: Pull complete
b4624b3efe06: Pull complete
d42beb8ded59: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7a47ccc3bbe8a451b500d2b53104868b46d60ee8f5b35a24b41a86077c650210
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/ubuntu:latest
以上命令实际是相当于：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker pull docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest
即：默认注册服务器为：docker.io
获取指定版本的镜像：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker pull ubuntu:18.04
其中：18.04是指的ubuntu的版本
运行进入Ubuntu系统命令：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker run -ti ubuntu bash
root@9120f0d8f395:/# pwd
/
查看镜像信息：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu 18.04 47b19964fb50 2 weeks ago 88.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 47b19964fb50 2 weeks ago 88.1 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.7 ae6b78bedf88 3 months ago 372 MB
REPOSITORY: 表示来自哪个仓库
TAG:标签，相当于别名，同一个镜像可以有多个别名
IMAGE ID:镜像ID，唯一
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE:镜像大小
查看镜像的详细信息 ：docker inspect 镜像ID
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker inspect 47b19964fb50
[
{
"Id": "sha256:47b19964fb500f3158ae57f20d16d8784cc4af37c52c49d3b4f5bc5eede49541",
"RepoTags": [
"docker.io/ubuntu:18.04",
"docker.io/ubuntu:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"docker.io/ubuntu@sha256:7a47ccc3bbe8a451b500d2b53104868b46d60ee8f5b35a24b41a86077c650210"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2019-02-06T03:37:51.599085524Z",
"Container": "4fcabd24a4d0668c251f05105af1d986b1841713e7af90bf51df172ecefae2fa",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "4fcabd24a4d0",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:5bbf4643e91ac20eb0ec60930e6d56e36eedab0ae09930a4bd414bb227590d28",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:5bbf4643e91ac20eb0ec60930e6d56e36eedab0ae09930a4bd414bb227590d28",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 88140808,
"VirtualSize": 88140808,
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/23aff4d2336551f4ba626a2f0e143a8ebe4df37c043a4f11a8e000af7ce730fa/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7a8ed06520360cc2a06b97263b6eaaa6fc1820ab95c4ac26520a6d9677d80c3/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/052cd29c13faff8cad7a469e796417b93cf47fd489ff510ff43ce84c8619c834/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ec1cd894fec16faf33b2d492da81b3c22294cfb64235e554abba1d6f8d1bd08a/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ec1cd894fec16faf33b2d492da81b3c22294cfb64235e554abba1d6f8d1bd08a/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ec1cd894fec16faf33b2d492da81b3c22294cfb64235e554abba1d6f8d1bd08a/work"
}
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:bebe7ce6215aee349bee5d67222abeb5c5a834bbeaa2f2f5d05363d9fd68db41",
"sha256:283fb404ea9415ab48456fd8a82b153b1a719491cdf7b806d1853b047d00f27f",
"sha256:663e8522d78b5b767f15b2e43885da5975068e3195bbbfa8fc3a082297a361c1",
"sha256:4b7d93055d8781d27259ba5780938e6a78d8ef691c94ee9abc3616c1b009ec4a"
]
}
}
]
可以查看镜像的特定信息：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker inspect -f {{.Architecture}} 47b19964fb50
amd64
搜索镜像：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker search elasticsearch
1551073204(1).jpg
INDEX :镜像地址 NAME ：镜像名字 DESCRIPTION ：镜像描述 STARS ：镜像受欢迎程度 OFFICIAL：是否是官方的 AUTOMATED：
查看本机上存在的所有容器：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9120f0d8f395 ubuntu "bash" About an hour ago Up About an hour flamboyant_bell
c947e8ad159b ubuntu "bash" About an hour ago Up About an hour brave_feynman
edc1796b7019 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 2 months ago Exited (0) 2 months ago JY_mysql
d68e00314e56 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint..." 2 months ago Exited (0) 2 months ago pwc-mysql
可以看到 ：有ubuntu，mysql在运行，删除mysql镜像，不会成功：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker rmi mysql:5.7
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "mysql:5.7" (must force) - container d68e00314e56 is using its referenced image ae6b78bedf88
强制删除(不推荐，会有遗留问题)：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker rmi -f mysql:5.7
应该先停止容器，再移除容器，再删除镜像
停止容器： docker stop 容器ID
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9120f0d8f395 ubuntu "bash" About an hour ago Up About an hour flamboyant_bell
c947e8ad159b ubuntu "bash" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours brave_feynman
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker stop 912
912
删除容器：docker rm 容器ID：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker rm 912
912
删除镜像：略去
创建镜像：
1.基于已有的容器的镜像创建：
运行ubuntu镜像:
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker run -ti ubuntu bash ##运行
root@6fa335302a6b:/# touch test ## 创建一个文件
root@6fa335302a6b:/# exit ##推出
查看镜像运行的容器ID：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6fa335302a6b ubuntu "bash" 26 seconds ago Exited (0) 13 seconds ago jovial_yalow
创建镜像的命令：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker commit -m "add a new file" -a "Docker NewBee" 6fa335302a6b test
sha256:39f3c794c54d5404cd07749bd276caa73c043cf289b0efea90ed431e04729683
说明：这里的6fa335302a6b是原来ubuntu镜像运行的容器ID
docker commit用来创建镜像
-m , --message="" 提交信息
-a，--author="" 作者信息
-p, --pause=true 提交时暂停容器
再次查看镜像,可以发现自己的镜像：
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test latest 39f3c794c54d 17 seconds ago 88.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 47b19964fb50 2 weeks ago 88.1 MB
基于本地模板导入创建镜像：
[root@langzi01 ~]# cat nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz |docker import - nginx:1.14.2
sha256:3982eec1262978d6c21e750e0b1a53dfc5ec305d584c83c6e3965cf16bd65f2e
[root@langzi01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.14.2 3982eec12629 4 seconds ago 6.07 MB
test latest 39f3c794c54d 16 minutes ago 88.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 47b19964fb50 2 weeks ago 88.1 MB
存出镜像：
[root@langzi01 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.14.2 3982eec12629 8 minutes ago 6.07 MB
test latest 39f3c794c54d 24 minutes ago 88.1 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 47b19964fb50 2 weeks ago 88.1 MB
[root@langzi01 docker]# pwd
/root/docker
[root@langzi01 docker]# docker save -o nginx_xxxxx nginx:1.14.2
[root@langzi01 docker]# ls
nginx_xxxxx
载入镜像到容器：
[root@langzi01 docker]# docker load --input nginx_xxxxx
bc51f1908ab3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 6.389 MB/6.389 MB
Loaded image: nginx:1.14.2
