WKWebView在实际开发中的使用汇总

2018-06-12  本文已影响0人  梦翔_d674

最近公司的项目中大量使用了webview加载H5,鉴于WKWebView的性能优于UIWebView,所以就选择了WKWebView。WKWebView在使用的过程中,还是有很过内容值得我们去记录和研究的,这里我就做了一下总结,跟大家分享一下。文章中的示例代码可以到github中下载查看。

一、基本使用

WKWebView的基本使用网上也有很多,这里我就简略的写一下:

引入头文件#import

- (void)setupWebview{

WKWebViewConfiguration*config = [[WKWebViewConfigurationalloc] init];

config.selectionGranularity =WKSelectionGranularityDynamic;

config.allowsInlineMediaPlayback =YES;

WKPreferences*preferences = [WKPreferencesnew];

//是否支持JavaScript

preferences.javaScriptEnabled =YES;

//不通过用户交互,是否可以打开窗口

preferences.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically =YES;

config.preferences = preferences;

WKWebView*webview = [[WKWebViewalloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0,0, KScreenWidth, KScreenHeight -64) configuration:config];

[self.view addSubview:webview];

/* 加载服务器url的方法*/

NSString*url =@"https://www.baidu.com";

NSURLRequest*request = [NSURLRequestrequestWithURL:[NSURLURLWithString:url]];

[webview loadRequest:request];

webview.navigationDelegate =self;

webview.UIDelegate =self;

}

WKWebViewConfiguration和WKPreferences中有很多属性可以对webview初始化进行设置,这里就不一一介绍了。

遵循的协议和实现的协议方法:

#pragma mark - WKNavigationDelegate

/* 页面开始加载 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView*)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation*)navigation{

}

/* 开始返回内容 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView*)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation*)navigation{

}

/* 页面加载完成 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView*)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation*)navigation{

}

/* 页面加载失败 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView*)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation*)navigation{

}

/* 在发送请求之前,决定是否跳转 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView*)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction*)navigationAction decisionHandler:(void(^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler{

//允许跳转

decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);

//不允许跳转

//decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);

}

/* 在收到响应后,决定是否跳转 */

- (void)webView:(WKWebView*)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse*)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(void(^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{

NSLog(@"%@",navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString);

//允许跳转

decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);

//不允许跳转

//decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);

}

下面介绍几个开发中需要实现的小细节:

1、url中文处理

有时候我们加载的URL中可能会出现中文,需要我们手动进行转码,但是同时又要保证URL中的特殊字符保持不变,那么我们就可以使用下面的方法(方法放到了NSString中的分类中):

- (NSURL*)url{

#pragma clang diagnostic push

#pragma clang diagnostic ignored"-Wdeprecated-declarations"

return[NSURLURLWithString:(NSString*)CFBridgingRelease(CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFStringRef)self, (CFStringRef)@"!$&'()*+,-./:;=?@_~%#[]",NULL,kCFStringEncodingUTF8))];

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

}

2、获取h5中的标题 3、添加进度条

获取h5中的标题和添加进度条放到一起展示看起来更明朗一点,在初始化wenview时,添加两个观察者分别用来监听webview 的estimatedProgress和title属性:

webview.navigationDelegate =self;

webview.UIDelegate =self;

[webview addObserver:selfforKeyPath:@"estimatedProgress"options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNewcontext:nil];

[webview addObserver:selfforKeyPath:@"title"options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNewcontext:NULL];

添加创建进度条,并添加进度条图层属性:

@property(nonatomic,weak)CALayer*progressLayer;

-(void)setupProgress{

UIView*progress = [[UIViewalloc]init];

progress.frame =CGRectMake(0,0, KScreenWidth,3);

progress.backgroundColor = [UIColorclearColor];

[self.view addSubview:progress];

CALayer*layer = [CALayerlayer];

layer.frame =CGRectMake(0,0,0,3);

layer.backgroundColor = [UIColorgreenColor].CGColor;

[progress.layer addSublayer:layer];

self.progressLayer = layer;

}

实现观察者的回调方法:

#pragma mark - KVO回馈

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString*)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void*)context{

if([keyPath isEqualToString:@"estimatedProgress"]) {

self.progressLayer.opacity =1;

if([change[@"new"] floatValue] <[change[@"old"] floatValue]) {

return;

}

self.progressLayer.frame =CGRectMake(0,0, KScreenWidth*[change[@"new"] floatValue],3);

if([change[@"new"]floatValue] ==1.0) {

dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(.5*NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

self.progressLayer.opacity =0;

self.progressLayer.frame =CGRectMake(0,0,0,3);

});

}

}elseif([keyPath isEqualToString:@"title"]){

self.title = change[@"new"];

}

}

下面是实现的效果图:

3、添加userAgent信息

有时候H5的伙伴需要我们为webview的请求添加userAgent,以用来识别操作系统等信息,但是如果每次用到webview都要添加一次的话会比较麻烦,下面介绍一个一劳永逸的方法。

在Appdelegate中添加一个WKWebview的属性,启动app时直接,为该属性添加userAgent:

- (void)setUserAgent {

_webView = [[WKWebViewalloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];

[_webView evaluateJavaScript:@"navigator.userAgent"completionHandler:^(idresult,NSError*error) {

if(error) {return; }

NSString*userAgent = result;

if(![userAgent containsString:@"/mobile-iOS"]) {

userAgent = [userAgent stringByAppendingString:@"/mobile-iOS"];

NSDictionary*dict = @{@"UserAgent": userAgent};

[TKUserDefaults registerDefaults:dict];

}

}];

}

这样一来,在app中创建的webview都会存在我们添加的userAgent的信息。

二、原生JS交互

(一)JS调用原生方法

在WKWebView中实现与JS的交互还需要实现另外一个代理方法:WKScriptMessageHandler

#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController*)userContentController

didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage*)message

在 message的name和body属性中我们可以获取到与JS调取原生的方法名和所传递的参数。

打印一下如下图所示:

JS调用原生方法的代码:

window.webkit.messageHandlers.takePicturesByNative.postMessage({

"picType":"0",

"picCount":"9",

"callBackName":"getImg"

})

}

注意:JS只能向原生传递一个参数,所以如果有多个参数需要传递,可以让JS传递对象或者JSON字符串即可。

(二)原生调用JS方法

[webview evaluateJavaScript:“JS语句” completionHandler:^(id _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable error) {

}]

;

下面举例说明:

实现H5通过原生方法调用相册

首先,遵循代理:

注册方法名:

config.preferences = preferences;

WKUserContentController*user = [[WKUserContentControlleralloc]init];

[user addScriptMessageHandler:selfname:@"takePicturesByNative"];

config.userContentController =user;

实现代理方法:

#pragma mark - WKScriptMessageHandler

- (void)userContentController:(WKUserContentController*)userContentController

didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage*)message{

if([message.name isEqualToString:@"takePicturesByNative"]) {

[selftakePicturesByNative];

}

}

- (void)takePicturesByNative{

UIImagePickerController*vc = [[UIImagePickerControlleralloc] init];

vc.delegate =self;

vc.sourceType =UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary;

[selfpresentViewController:vc animated:YEScompletion:nil];

}

- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController*)picker didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo:(NSDictionary *)info {

NSTimeIntervaltimeInterval = [[NSDatedate]timeIntervalSince1970];

NSString*timeString = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%.0f",timeInterval];

UIImage*image = [info  objectForKey:UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage];

NSArray*paths =NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask,YES);

NSString*filePath = [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%@.png",timeString]];//保存到本地

[UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

NSString*str = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%@",filePath];

[picker dismissViewControllerAnimated:YEScompletion:^{

// oc 调用js 并且传递图片路径参数

[self.webview evaluateJavaScript:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"getImg('%@')",str] completionHandler:^(id_Nullable data,NSError* _Nullable error) {

}];

}];

}

我们期望的效果是,点击webview中打开相册的按钮,调用原生方法,展示相册,选择图片,可以传递给JS,并展示在webview中。

但是运行程序发现:我们可以打开相册,说明JS调用原生方法成功了,但是并不能在webview中展示出来,说明原生调用JS方法时,出现了问题。这是因为,在WKWebView中,H5在加载本地的资源(包括图片、CSS文件、JS文件等等)时,默认被禁止了,所以根据我们传递给H5的图片路径,无法展示图片。解决办法:在传递给H5的图片路径中添加我们自己的请求头,拦截H5加载资源的请求头进行判断,拿到路径然后由我们来手动请求。

先为图片路径添加一个我们自己的请求头:

NSString*str = [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"myapp://%@",filePath];

然后创建一个新类继承于NSURLProtocol

.h

#import

@interfaceMyCustomURLProtocol:NSURLProtocol

@end

.m

@implementationMyCustomURLProtocol

+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)theRequest{

if([theRequest.URL.scheme caseInsensitiveCompare:@"myapp"] ==NSOrderedSame) {

returnYES;

}

returnNO;

}

+ (NSURLRequest*)canonicalRequestForRequest:(NSURLRequest*)theRequest{

returntheRequest;

}

- (void)startLoading{

NSURLResponse*response = [[NSURLResponsealloc] initWithURL:[self.request URL]

MIMEType:@"image/png"

expectedContentLength:-1

textEncodingName:nil];

NSString*imagePath = [self.request.URL.absoluteString componentsSeparatedByString:@"myapp://"].lastObject;

NSData*data = [NSDatadataWithContentsOfFile:imagePath];

[[selfclient] URLProtocol:selfdidReceiveResponse:response cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];

[[selfclient] URLProtocol:selfdidLoadData:data];

[[selfclient] URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];

}

- (void)stopLoading{

}

@end

在控制器中注册MyCustomURLProtocol协议并添加对myapp协议的监听:

//注册

[NSURLProtocolregisterClass:[MyCustomURLProtocolclass]];

//实现拦截功能

Class cls =NSClassFromString(@"WKBrowsingContextController");

SEL sel =NSSelectorFromString(@"registerSchemeForCustomProtocol:");

if([(id)cls respondsToSelector:sel]) {

#pragma clang diagnostic push

#pragma clang diagnostic ignored"-Warc-performSelector-leaks"

[(id)cls performSelector:sel withObject:@"myapp"];

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

}

运行程序,效果如下:

不仅仅是加载本地的图片,webview加载任何本地的资源都可以使用该方法,不过在使用过程中,大家一定要密切注意跨域问题会带来的安全性问题。

结尾

关于WKWebView其实还有很多内容,接下来我还会继续深入地去探究WKWebView的原理和使用。

作者:沐泽sunshine

链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/5dab90e2e5f1

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