Swift-多线程开发

GCD

• 全局并发队列

DispatchQueue.global().async {
    print("当前线程：\(Thread.current)")
}

• 拿到主队列（主线程）

DispatchQueue.main.async {
    print("回到主线程刷新UI")
}

异步任务

1.回到主线程

• 方式一

let item = DispatchWorkItem {
    print("子线程：",Thread.current)
    DispatchQueue.main.async {
        print("主线程：\(Thread.current)")
    }
}
DispatchQueue.global().async(execute: item)

• 方式二：notify

let item = DispatchWorkItem {
    print("子线程：",Thread.current)
}
DispatchQueue.global().async(execute: item)

//回到主队列
item.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) {
    print("主线程：\(Thread.current)")
}

2.对上的功能进行封装

import Foundation

struct Asyncs {
    public typealias Task = () -> Void

    public static func async(_ task: @escaping Task) {
        //传入全局任务
        _async(task)
    }

    public static func async(_ task: @escaping Task, _ mainTask: @escaping Task) {
        //传入全局任务，主队列任务
        _async(task, mainTask)
    }

    private static func _async(_ task: @escaping Task, _ mainTask: Task? = nil) {
        let item = DispatchWorkItem(block: task)
        DispatchQueue.global().async(execute: item)

        //可选项绑定
        if let main = mainTask {
            //item⾥⾯的任务完成之后，再到主队列执⾏
            item.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main, execute: main)
        }
    }
}

• 在子线程处理

Asyncs.async {
    print("子线程：",Thread.current)
}

• 在子线程操作完后想回到主线程

Asyncs.async {
    print("子线程：",Thread.current)
} _: { 
    print("在主线程：",Thread.current)
}

main主线程延迟

• 在主线程延迟

let time = DispatchTime.now() + 3
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: time) {
    print("在主线程延迟3秒")
}

• 在子线程延迟

let time = DispatchTime.now() + 3
DispatchQueue.global().asyncAfter(deadline: time) {
    print("在子线程延迟3秒")
}

• 对延迟封装

/// 延迟
/// - Parameters:
///   - seconds: 延迟时间（秒）
///   - block: 延迟的任务
/// - Returns: item
@discardableResult //没⽤到返回值可以忽略，不会有警告
public static func delay(_ seconds: Double, _ block: @escaping Task) -> DispatchWorkItem {
    let item = DispatchWorkItem(block: block)
    //在主线程延迟
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + seconds, execute: item)
    return item
}

Asyncs.delay(3) {
    print("----在主线程延迟3秒----")
}

异步延迟

@discardableResult
public static func asyncDelay(_ seconds: Double, _ task: @escaping Task) -> DispatchWorkItem {
    return _asyncDelay(seconds, task)
}

@discardableResult
public static func asyncDelay(_ seconds: Double, _ task: @escaping Task, _ mainTask: @escaping Task) -> DispatchWorkItem {
    return _asyncDelay(seconds, task, mainTask)
}

private static func _asyncDelay(_ seconds: Double, _ task: @escaping Task, _ mainTask: Task? = nil) -> DispatchWorkItem {
    let item = DispatchWorkItem(block: task)

    //异步延迟
    DispatchQueue.global().asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + seconds, execute: item)
    if let main = mainTask {
        item.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main, execute: main)
    }
    //为什么要返回item?
    //因为是延迟执⾏，⽐如3秒，如果在2秒的时候想要取消任务，就拿到item取消：item?.cancel()
    return item
}

• 使用

Asyncs.asyncDelay(3.0) {
    print("延迟任务...")
}

private var item: DispatchWorkItem?

item = Asyncs.asyncDelay(5.0) {
    print("延迟任务...")
} _: {
    print("延迟任务执行完回到主队列")
}

• 取消任务

item?.cancel()

once

• dispatch_once在Swift中已被废弃，取而代之
  • 可使用类型属性
  • 全局变量、常量
  • 默认自带lazy + dispatch_once效果
    
    

下面几种方式，在调用的时候只会执行1次。

import UIKit

fileprivate var initTask: Void = {
    print("initTask")
}()

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    static var age: Int = {
        print("age")
        return 0
    }()

    static var sex: Int = getSex()
    static func getSex()->Int {
        print("getSex")
        return 0
    }

    static var weight: Void = {
        print("weight")
    }()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        print(Self.age)
        print(Self.sex)
        let _ = Self.weight
        let _ = initTask
    }
}

加锁

GCD 信号量（DispatchSemaphore）

class Cache {
    private static var data = [String: Any]()

    //数字写⼏，表示同时有多少条线程访问他，⼀般写1
    private static var lock = DispatchSemaphore(value: 1)

    static func set(_ key: String, _ value: Any) {
        lock.wait() //加锁
        defer {
            lock.signal()//解锁
        } 
        data[key] = value
    }
}

Foundation框架中的锁

• NSLock()
  这种会产⽣死锁，⽐如set⾥⾯⼜调⽤set

class Cache {
    private static var data = [String: Any]()
    private static var lock = NSLock()
    static func set(_ key: String, _ value: Any) {
        lock.lock() //加锁
        defer {
            lock.unlock()//解锁
        }
        data[key] = value
    }
}

• NSRecursiveLock()
  使⽤递归锁，不会产⽣死锁

class Cache {
    private static var data = [String: Any]()
    private static var lock = NSRecursiveLock()
    static func set(_ key: String, _ value: Any) {
        lock.lock() //加锁
        defer {
            lock.unlock()//解锁
        }
        data[key] = value
    }
}

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