数据库主从复制实战

2019-01-22  本文已影响13人  朱溪江

环境:准备四台虚拟机

vim /etc/hosts
    master1 10.18.46.80
    master2 10.18.46.81
    slave1 10.18.46.82
    slave1 10.18.46.83

一、一主一从(1)

主:master1  作为主mysql,master2作为从mysql
        修改mysql 主配置文件 
1、准备数据 主master1:
    create database master1db;
    create table master1db.master1tab(name char(50));
    insert into master1db.master1tab values (1111);
2、开启二进制日志  主master1:
      vim /etc/my.cnf
        log_bin
        server-id=1
        systemctl restart mysqld  重启生效
3、创建授权用户  master1:  
    grant replication slave, replication client on *.* 
    to 'rep'@'192.168.239.%'  identified by 'QianFeng@123';
4、备份master数据库的数据 master1:
    mysqldump -p'Zhutong@123' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 \
    --flush-logs > `date +%F`-msyql-all.sql
    scp -r 2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql master2:/tmp  发送给另一台主机

    查看二进制日志分割点:
    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='localhost-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
5、准备数据 备份完之后 主数据库继续有数据写入
    insert into master1db.master1tab values (33333333);
    insert into master1db.master1tab values (44444);
从 master2:
测试rep用户是否可用:msyql -h master1 -urep -p'Zhutong@123'
1、配置从服务器序号
    vim /etc/my.cnf
    server-id=2
    systemctl restart mysqld 重启数据库使配置生效
2、恢复数据 和主master1同步
    mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
    mysql> source /tmp/2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql
3、设置主服务器:
    mysql> change master to
        master_host='master1',
        master_user='rep',
        master_password='Zhutong@123',
        master_log_file='localhost-bin.000002',
        master_log_pos=154;  
        注意:二进制日志的位置,是备份文件的位置
4、启动从设备
    mysql > start slave;
5、查看启动状态(IO-YES/SQL-YES)
    mysql > show slave status\G;

    至此,在主服务器(master1)更新数据,观察从服务器(master2)是否变化
一主一从(2)
实验2与上一个实验需求基本相同经。master1 作为主mysql,master2 作为从mysql。
不同之处,使用了
    “gtid_mode=ON
    enforce_gtid_consistency=1”
该属性自动记录position位置。不需要手动指定了。
环境:重置master2数据库 
    systemctl stop mysqld
    rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
    systemctl restart mysqld
    grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
    进入数据库修改密码为'Zhutong@123'

主master1:
1、启动二进制日志,服务器id,gtid
    vim /etc/my.cnf
        log_bin
        server-id=1
        gtid_mode=ON
        enforce_gtid_consistency=1
    systemctl restart mysqld  重启数据库使配置生效
2、授权复制用户rep
    mysql > grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.239.%' identified by 'Zhutong@123';
    flush privileges;
3、备份master数据库的数据 master1:
    mysqldump -p'Zhutong@123' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 \
    --flush-logs > `date +%F`-mysql-all.sql
    scp -r 2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql master2:/tmp  发送给另一台主机
4、#模拟备份点到灾难点的数据库变更操作
    insert into master1db.master1tab values(666666);

从master2:
1、测试rep 用户是否可用
    mysql -h master1 -urep -p'Zhutong@123'
    预防账户问题,防火请和selinux必须关闭,否则会失败
2、启动二进制日志,服务器ID,GTID
    vim /etc/my.cnf
        log_bin
        server-id=2
        gtid_mode=ON
        enforce_gtid_consistency=1
    systemctl restart mysqld  测试配置是否有问题
3、手动同步数据
    mysql > set sql_log_bin=0;
    mysql > source /tmp/2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql;
    mysql > select * from master1db.master1tab ;  此时的数据会更新为备份点之后最新的数据,区别于第一种一主一从(备份完更新的数据没有,得从二进制的日志备份点导入)
4、设置主服务器
    mysql> change master to
        master_host='master1',
        master_user='rep',
        master_password='Zhutong@123',
        master_auto_position=1;

        start slave;
        show slave status\G;
5、 返回主服务器(master1)更新数据,在从服务器(master2)观察是否同步。

二、双主(互为主从)增加写服务器的利用率 一写一主只有%50的写效率 而双主%100

目前:已经设置master1为master2的主服务器,
      只需设置master2为master1的主服务器.
1、设置 master2为master1的主服务器
    在mster2上进行授权 :
    mysql > grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'rep'@'192.168.239.%' identified by 'Zhutong@123';
    mysql > flush privileges;
master1:
    mysql> change master to
    master_host='master2',
    master_user='rep',
    master_password='Zhutong@123',
    master_auto_position=1;

    start slave;
    show  slave status\G;
        如果状态不佳,重启以下master2的mysqld
        再去master2上。启动和停止从属状态
        start slave
        stop slave

测试:双方同步成功,双主设置完成

三、双主双从

1、首先同步四台数据库 因为已经两台双主了,所以只需要备份任意一台master1/2 上的数据即可
    master1 :
        mysqldump -p'Zhutong@123' --all-databases --single-transaction --master-data=2 \
        --flush-logs > `date +%F`-mysql-all.sql
        scp -r  2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql  slave1:/tmp/
        scp -r  2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql  slave2:/tmp/
    slave1: mysql -p'Zhutong@123' </tmp/2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql
    slave2:  mysql -p'Zhutong@123' </tmp/2019-01-22-mysql-all.sql
2、启动从服务器ID,GTID:
    slave1:
        vim /etc/my.cnf
            [mysqld]
            server-id=3
            gtid_mode=ON
            enforce_gtid_consistency=1
            master-info-repository=TABLE
            relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
        systemctl restart mysqld

    slave2:
        vim /etc/my.cnf
            [mysqld]
            server-id=4
            gtid_mode=ON
            enforce_gtid_consistency=1
            master-info-repository=TABLE
            relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
        systemctl restart mysqld
3、设置主服务器:
slave1:
    mysql> change master to
        master_host='master1',
        master_user='rep',
        master_password='Zhutong@123',
        master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master1';
    mysql> change master to
        master_host='master2',
        master_user='rep',
        master_password='Zhutong@123',
        master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master2';

        start slave;
        show slave status\G;

slave2:
    mysql> change master to
        master_host='master1',
        master_user='rep',
        master_password='Zhutong@123',
        master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master1';
    mysql> change master to
        master_host='master2',
        master_user='rep',
        master_password='Zhutong@123',
        master_auto_position=1 for channel 'master2';

        start slave;
        show slave status\G;
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