信用证这些不符点能提前避免？

在对外贸易中，信用证已被越来越多地运用到出口贸易交易当中。但是信用证的高费用和高风险，也令不少企业望而却步。而这些费用和风险，大部分源于三个字——不符点。今天，阿连想跟大家说说信用证项下不符点所带来的风险并给大家整理了一些常见的不符点，希望能给大家提个醒。
In foreign trade, L/C has been increasingly used in the export trade. However, the high cost and high risk make many companies discouraged. And these costs and risks happen due to a word--discrepancy. Today, I would like to introduce the risk caused by discrepancy under L/C and some discrepancies to be a reminder for you.

“不符点”指买家开出信用证后，卖家没有按照信用证的要求提交单据，一旦卖方的单证跟L/C上有不相符合的地方，即便一个字母或一个标点符号与信用证不相符合，都记为一处不符点。一般来说，不符点扣费50到100美元不等，具体视各银行规定而定，一般无论不符点数量多少，一票单据只扣罚一次，由受益人，即卖家承担。这是信用证高额费用的最常见体现。
"Discrepancies" refers that after the buyers issue a L/C but sellers do not present document in accordance with the requirements. Once there is discrepancy between document and L/C, such as a word or punctuation, it still is regarded as discrepancy. Generally speaking, the discrepancy deducts $50 to $100 depending on the bank regulations. Regardless of the amount of discrepancy, each document shall be deducted only once paid by seller. This commonly reflects the high fees of L/C.

一旦存在不符点，信用证的银行信用就不复存在，进而转变成客户的商业信用。因为单证不符，银行无需承担偿付责任，你能否收回款项，就全凭客户信用。如果客户拒付，卖家将处于进退两难的境地。这就是信用证的风险所在。
Once there is a discrepancy, the bank’ credit of the L/C is no longer in existence but transfers to customer's business creditbecause the bank needn’t to bear the responsibility due to discrepancy. Whether you can get the payment only depends on customer's credit. If customers refuse to pay, sellers will be caught in a dilemma. So this is the risk of L/C.

不符点的存在，是影响一份信用证风险和扣费的关键。有些不符点是无法避免的，而有些不符点，却能提前避免。如果你的经验丰富，一份信用证下来，哪里会产生不符点，相信你早已心中有数。
The existence of discrepancies is the key to affect risk and deduction of L/C. Some discrepancies cannot be avoided, but some can. If you are experienced, you must know clearly about discrepancies in one L/C.

下面阿连为大家总结了一些比较常见的不符点，希望能给大家审单的时候提个醒：
Here are some common discrepancies which can be a reminder when you auditing a document:

**时间不符类：
** Discrepancies about time:

1.信用证过期；
The L/C expired;

2.信用证装运日期过期；
L / C date of shipment expires;

3.受益人交单过期；
Presentation document by beneficiary expires

单据内容类：
Discrepancies about content

1.交单单据不齐（缺少装船通知或快递单据、证明等）；
Lack of documents (lack of advice of shipment or delivery documents, certificate etc. )

2.提单没有"运费付讫"字样（一般来说，如果客户是做FOB的，出的又是船东提单，船公司是不允许提单上出现“FREIGHT PREPAID”字样的）；
B/L is not marked “Freight Prepaid” (generally speaking, under FOB and master B/L, “FREIGHT PREPAID” cannot be marked on B/L);

3.船证没有按信用证要求出具（船证一般由船公司出具，但大部分船公司都有自己的固定格式，不能完全按照信用证要求显示，因此产生不符）；
Vessel certificate is not issued by the requirement of L/C(the vessel certificate is generally issued by shipping company, but most of the shipping companies have their own fixed format and it cannot be fully shown in accordance with L/C requirements. Therefore, a discrepancy occurs);

4.各种单据的类别与信用证不符； Discrepancies between each document category and L/C; 5.投保的险种与信用证不符；
Discrepancies between types of insurance and L/C;

6.运输单据和保险单据的背书错误或没有按要求背书；
The endorsement error of transport document and insurance document or not according to the requirements of endorsement;

7.货物短装或超装（一般信用证都会有±5-10%的数量上落差允许，可以在客户开证之前再做提醒）；
Cargo short or over loaded (generally, L/C allows a ±5-10% drop, so you can remind your customers before issuing L/C);

8.单据没按要求签字盖章；
Documents do not be signed and sealed as required;

9.单据份数与信用证要求不一致（包括提单，这是可以提前与货代沟通的）；
Documents copies are not in agreement with L/C (including B/L, which can be confirmed in advance with freight forwarding)

在造成不符点的问题中，除了由非受益人出具的单据外（提单、船证、产地证、验货证明等），由受益人出具的证明和文件都是可控的，只要我们足够细心，很多时候，不符点都是可以避免的。
Among the problems caused by discrepancies, in addition to the documents issued by the beneficiary (bill of lading, vessel certificate, certificate of origin, inspection certificate, etc.), certificates and documents issued by the beneficiary are controlled. As long as we are careful enough, many discrepancies are avoidable.

当收到信用证草稿的时候，要注意看信用证的有效期、出货日期是否在我们能安排的范围内，信用证中是否有要求一些由客户或其他第三方出具的证明或文件，谨记：只有受益人自身能做的单据和文件，才是可控的。要想更好地控制不符点，提前做好准备是关键。
When received the L/C draft, we ought to concern whether the validity, shipment date is in range that we can arrange and whether L/C requires some certificates or documents issued by customers or the third parties. Please remember: only documents and files that are made by beneficiary are controllable. In order to better control discrepancies, the key is to prepare well in advance.

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