AndroidDevandroid开发中的高级问题java并发编程

window、Activity、DecorView、ViewRo

2016-09-17  本文已影响1605人  接地气的二呆

简介

从 setContentView 分析起

众所周知,在 activity 中,setContentView方法可以设置我们需要的布局,那么就从这个作为切入点开始分析

//activity
    public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        getWindow().setContentView(view, params);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the current {@link android.view.Window} for the activity.
     * This can be used to directly access parts of the Window API that
     * are not available through Activity/Screen.
     *
     * @return Window The current window, or null if the activity is not
     *         visual.
     */
    public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;
    }


继续寻找 mWindow 的赋值时机

 final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
...
        mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this);
        mWindow.setCallback(this);//当window接收系统发送给它的IO输入事件时,例如键盘和触摸屏事件,就可以转发给相应的Activity
        mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
        mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
        if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
            mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
        }

可以看到在attach,实例化了一个PhoneWindow对象(window 的实现),继续看 window 中 setContentView的实现

@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
   // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
   // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
   // before this happens.
   if (mContentParent == null) {
       installDecor();//[window]如何没有DecorView,那么就新建一个
   } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
       mContentParent.removeAllViews();
   }

   if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
       final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
               getContext());
       transitionTo(newScene);
   } else {
       mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent); //[window]第二步,将layout添加到mContentParent
   }
   mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
   final Callback cb = getCallback();
   if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
       cb.onContentChanged();
   }
}

//注意 mContentParent的注释,后续做分析
    // This is the view in which the window contents are placed. It is either
    // mDecor itself, or a child of mDecor where the contents go.
    private ViewGroup mContentParent;

创建DecorView

继续看 PhoneWindow 中的installDecor() 方法

    private void installDecor() {
        if (mDecor == null) {
            mDecor = generateDecor(); //DecorView 被赋值
    mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
            if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
                mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
            }
        }
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);

...

protected DecorView generateDecor() {
    return new DecorView(getContext(), -1);
}

protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        // Apply data from current theme.
        // 从主题文件中获取样式信息
        TypedArray a = getWindowStyle();

        ...

        if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) {
            requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        } else if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBar, false)) {
            // Don't allow an action bar if there is no title.
            requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
        }

        if(...){
            ...
        }
//[window] 以上都是根据不同的style生成不同的decorview
        // Inflate the window decor.
        // 加载窗口布局
        int layoutResource;
        int features = getLocalFeatures();
        // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
        } else if(...){
            ...
        }

        View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);    //加载layoutResource
        decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); //往DecorView中添加子View,即mContentParent,// 加入到deco中,所以应该是其第一个child
        mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in;

        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT); // 这里获取的就是mContentParent
        if (contentParent == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
        }

        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) {
            ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false);
            if (progress != null) {
                progress.setIndeterminate(true);
            }
        }

        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
            registerSwipeCallbacks();
        }

        // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies
        // to top-level windows.
        ...

        return contentParent;
    }

由以上代码可以看出,该方法还是做了相当多的工作的,首先根据设置的主题样式来设置DecorView的风格,比如说有没有titlebar之类的,接着为DecorView添加子View,而这里的子View则是上面提到的mContentParent,如果上面设置了FEATURE_NO_ACTIONBAR,那么DecorView就只有mContentParent一个子View,这也解释了上面的注释:mContentParent是DecorView本身或者是DecorView的一个子元素。

小结:

到目前为止,通过setContentView方法,创建了DecorView和加载了我们提供的布局,但是这时,我们的View还是不可见的,因为我们仅仅是加载了布局,并没有对View进行任何的测量、布局、绘制工作。在View进行测量流程之前,还要进行一个步骤,那就是把DecorView添加至window中,然后经过一系列过程触发ViewRootImpl#performTraversals方法,在该方法内部会正式开始测量、布局、绘制这三大流程。

将DecorView添加至Window

每一个Activity组件都有一个关联的Window对象,用来描述一个应用程序窗口。每一个应用程序窗口内部又包含有一个View对象,用来描述应用程序窗口的视图。上文分析了创建DecorView的过程,现在则要把DecorView添加到Window对象中。而要了解这个过程,我们首先要简单先了解一下Activity的创建过程:
首先,在ActivityThread#handleLaunchActivity中启动Activity,在这里面会调用到Activity#onCreate方法,从而完成上面所述的DecorView创建动作,当onCreate()方法执行完毕,在handleLaunchActivity方法会继续调用到ActivityThread#handleResumeActivity方法,

final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean clearHide, boolean isForward) { 
    //...
    ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide); // 这里会调用到onResume()方法

    if (r != null) {
        final Activity a = r.activity;

        //...
        if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
            r.window = r.activity.getWindow(); // 获得window对象
            View decor = r.window.getDecorView(); // 获得DecorView对象
            decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager(); // 获得windowManager对象
            WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
            a.mDecor = decor;
            l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
            l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
            if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
                a.mWindowAdded = true;
                wm.addView(decor, l); // 调用addView方法
            }
            //...
        }
    }
}

在该方法内部,获取该activity所关联的window对象,DecorView对象,以及windowManager对象,而WindowManager是抽象类,它的实现类是WindowManagerImpl,所以后面调用的是WindowManagerImpl#addView方法,我们看看源码:

public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {    
    private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
    ...
    @Override
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
    }
}

接着调用了mGlobal的成员函数,而mGlobal则是WindowManagerGlobal的一个实例,那么我们接着看WindowManagerGlobal#addView方法

public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        ...

        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;

        synchronized (mLock) {
            ...

            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display); // 1

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);

            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);
        }

        // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
        try {
            root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView); // 2
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            // BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
            synchronized (mLock) {
                final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    removeViewLocked(index, true);
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }

先看①号代码处,实例化了ViewRootImpl类,接着,在②号代码处,调用ViewRootImpl#setView方法,并把DecorView作为参数传递进去,在这个方法内部,会通过跨进程的方式向WMS(WindowManagerService)发起一个调用,从而将DecorView最终添加到Window上,在这个过程中,ViewRootImpl、DecorView和WMS会彼此关联,至于详细过程这里不展开来说了。
最后通过WMS调用ViewRootImpl#performTraverals方法开始View的测量、布局、绘制流程

拓展阅读 Window 和 WindowManager http://xuyushi.github.io/2016/09/16/Window%20%E5%92%8C%20WindowManager/

参考

http://gold.xitu.io/entry/571338c7c4c9710054cea455
http://www.jianshu.com/p/687010ccad66

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