翻译中的文学类三小段
从公元前数千年起，生活在底格里斯河一幼发拉底河、印度河一恒河、黄河一长江等流域的人们，开始耕耘灌溉、铸器造皿、建设家园。 For several thousand years before the Common Era, our forefathers living along the Nile, the Tigris and Euphrates, the Indus and Ganges, and the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, tlled and irrigated the land, made tools and utensils, and built homes to live in.
《诗经》、《论语》 、《塔木德》 、《一千零一夜》、《梨俱吠陀》 、《源氏物语》等名篇经典，楔形文字、地图、玻璃、阿拉伯数字、造
纸术、印刷术等发明创造，长城、麦加大清真寺、泰姬陵、吴哥窟等恢宏建筑.....都是人类文明的宝贵财富。
I think of literary classics such as The Book of Songs, The Analects of Confucius, The Talmud, One Thousand and One Nights, The Rigveda and Genji Monogatari; of inventions such as the cuneiform script, maps, glass, Arabic numerals, paper making and printing tec hniques; and of majestic structures like the Great Wall, the Great Mosque of Mecca, Taj Mahal and Angkor Wat. They are al invaluable assets of human civilization.
丝绸之路、茶叶之路、香料之路等古老商路，助推丝绸、茶叶、陶瓷、香料、绘画雕塑等风靡亚洲各国，记录着亚洲先人们交往交流、互通有无的文明对话。
The ancient ftrade routes, notably the Silk Road, the Tea Road and the SpiceRoad, brought silk, tea, porcelain, spices, paintings and sculpture to all)corners of Asia, and witnessed inter-civilizational dialogue in the form of trade and cultural interflow.
Nile
UK [naɪl]
US [naɪl]
n.
尼罗河 尼罗河 the River Nile the Nile 泥罗河流域 the Nile Valley/Basin The Nile Valley keeps a temperate climate throughout the year.
尼罗河流域一年四季气候温和。 Ancient Egypt ruled the Nile Valley for thousands of years.
古埃及统治尼罗河流域几千年。 维多利亚湖 Lake Victoria(没有定冠词the) NOTE: Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa. The Nile flows from Lake Victoria in East Africa north to the Mediterranean Sea.
尼罗河由东非的维多利亚湖向北流至地中海。 航行 navigate on Such boats can navigate on the Nile.
这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。
A 'Felucca' is the traditional Nile sailboat, unchanged since the time of the pharaohs.
Felucca是尼罗河地区的传统帆船，自法老时代起就没有变过。 Many people live along the banks of the Nile.
很多人生活在尼罗河两岸。 河口 river mouth stream outlet estuary outfall The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.
尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。 When the Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the fields.
尼罗河泛滥时，在田野上沉积下一层泥。 河流源头 headstream ...flows from...to Explorers traced the Nile River to its several headstreams in Central Africa.
探险者在中非找到了尼罗河的几处源头。 阿斯旺水坝 the Aswan Dam The Aswan Dam helps to control the river Nile in egypt.
阿斯旺水坝有助于控制埃及的尼罗河。 航行通路 highway The Nile also made a perfect highway for boats.
尼罗河也是一条适合船只航行的通路。 The Nile's banks were easy to farm and produce crops.
尼罗河两岸易于耕种和生产农作物。 The Nile is the world's longest and most famous river.
尼罗河是世界上最长、最著名的河流。 Every year, the Nile flooded its banks.
尼罗河每年都淹没河岸。 the Blue Nile 青尼罗河；蓝色尼罗河 白尼罗河 the White Nile 汇聚 A joins B At Sudan's capital, another great river called the Blue Nile joins the White Nile.
在苏丹首都,另一条名为青尼罗河的大河与白尼罗河汇合。 Without the rich farmland along the banks of the Nile, there might be no ancient Egypt civilization.
没有尼罗河沿岸丰富的农田资源，古埃及文明可能也就不会出现了。 Ancient Egypt, the first great African civilization, started along the banks of the Nile more than 5, 000 years ago.
古埃及,第一个伟大的非洲文明,开始于5000多年前的尼罗河沿岸。 The main branch of the Nile, the White Nile, starts just above Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh-water lake, in east central Africa.
尼罗河的主要支流白尼罗河发源于位于非洲中东部的世界第二大淡水湖维多利亚湖的正上方。
Common Era
UK [ˌkɒmən ˈɪərə]
US [ˌkɑːmən ˈɪrə]
n.
公元 公元前 before the Common Era 数千年 Thousands of years several thousand years our forefathers living along (后置定语）the Nile,... 底格里斯河—幼发拉底河、the Tigris and Euphrates Tigris
US [ˈtaɪgrəs]
底格里斯河 the Tigris River 古代两河流域文明 Ancient Civilization in the Valley of the Tigris and Euphrates the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
印度河—恒河、 the Indus
US [ðə ˈɪndəs]
印度河 the Indus River 印度文明 the Indus civilization 印度河流域 the Indus Valley civilization Ganges
UK [gæŋz]
US [ˈgændʒiz]
n.
恒河
黄河-长江、the Yellow and Yangtze River, tilled
UK [tɪld]
US [tɪld]
v.
耕作；犁地
till的过去分词和过去式 irrigated
UK [ˈɪrɪɡeɪtɪd]
US [ˈɪrɪɡeɪtɪd]
v.
灌溉；冲洗(伤口或身体部位)
irrigate的过去分词和过去式
从公元前数千年起，生活在底格里斯河一幼发拉底河、印度河一恒河、黄河一长江等流域的人们，开始耕耘灌溉、铸器造皿、建设家园。 句子结构分析： （For several thousand years before the Common Era, ）时间状语 （our forefathers ）主语（living along the Nile, the Tigris and Euphrates, the Indus and Ganges, and the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, ）现在分词作后置定语（tlled and irrigated the land, made tools and utensils, and built homes to live in.）谓宾
底格里斯河一幼发拉底河、印度河一恒河、黄河一长江the Tigris and Euphrates, the Indus and Ganges, and the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, (汉译英...and...rivers)
名篇/文学经典 literacy classics
《诗经》(The Books of Songs )
《论语》（The Analects of Confucius)
《塔木德》The Talmud(犹太法典)
《梨俱吠陀》，全名《梨俱吠陀本集》，是《吠陀》中最重要的一部作品，是印度最古老的一部诗歌集。它的内容包括神话传说、对自然现象和社会现象的描绘与解释，以及与祭祀有关的内容，是印度现存最重要、最古老的诗集，也最有文学价值。
《源氏物语》被称为是日本文学中最伟大的成就。
The tale of Genji has been described as the greatest achievement of Japanese literature.
Genji Monogatari
cuneiform
UK [ˈkjuːnɪfɔːm]
US [ˈkjuːnɪfɔːrm]
n.
(古代波斯和亚述的)楔形文字
Taj Mahal
UK [tɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl]
(印度 Agra 的)泰姬陵
《诗经》、《论语》 、《塔木德》 、《一千零一夜》、《梨俱吠陀》 、《源氏物语》等名篇经典，楔形文字、地图、玻璃、阿拉伯数字、造纸术、印刷术等发明创造，长城、麦加大清真寺、泰姬陵、吴哥窟等恢宏建筑.....都是人类文明的宝贵财富。
I think of literary classics such as The Book of Songs, The Analects of Confucius, The Talmud, One Thousand and One Nights, The Rigveda and Genji Monogatari; of inventions such as the cuneiform script, maps, glass, Arabic numerals, paper making and printing techniques; and of majestic structures like the Great Wall, the Great Mosque of Mecca, Taj Mahal and Angkor Wat. They are al invaluable assets of human civilization.
中文使用逗号而英文使用了分号，中文顿号而英文用了逗号
丝绸之路、茶叶之路、香料之路等古老商路，助推丝绸、茶叶、陶瓷、香料、绘画雕塑等风靡亚洲各国，记录着亚洲先人们交往交流、互通有无的文明对话。
The ancient trade routes, notably the Silk Road, the Tea Road and the Spice Road, brought silk, tea, porcelain, spices, paintings and sculpture to all corners of Asia, and witnessed inter-civilizational dialogue in the form of trade and cultural interflow.
notably 是“值得注意地”、“引人注目地”的意思，除此以外， notably 可用于特殊举例，表示“特别”、“尤
其”的意思，相当于especially 和 particularly 的用法。但要注意，所举例子应该是最突出的，典型的。有时在 notably 前面 还可以加 most, 进一步强调语气。 Most notably, the House bill did serous damage to conservation.
最突出的问题是，众议院法案给环保造成了严重损害。
文房四宝four treasures for study—writting brush, ink stick, Xuan paper and ink slab
毛笔 soft brush made by bamboos or animal hair for Chinese calligraphy
Huxley
US [ˈhʌksli]
n.
赫胥黎（1.Aldous Leonard 1894—1963，J.S.Huxley之弟，英国小说家及批评家；2.Sir Julian Sorell，1887—1975，T.H.Huxley之孙，英国生物学家；3.Thomas Henry，1825—1895，英国生物学家；4.Sir Andrew Fielding，1918—2012，英国生理学家，与A.L.Hodgkin及Sir J.C.Eccles合得1963年诺贝尔医学奖）
十九世纪的英国著名生物学者赫胥（Thomas Henry Huxley，1825年5月4日－1895年6月29日，英国著名博物学家，达尔文进化论最杰出的代表）他把世间万物分为两类：一类叫自然物，一类叫人为物。
自然物，顾名思义，一切自然产生的东西，与人类的存在没有关系，如山川河流，日月星辰，动物植物等。
与之相对应的人为物，如房屋，家具，舟车等，是经过人之手形成的，是经人创造而产生的东西。
自然物有固定的称谓，比如自然nature，但是人为物的称谓就没这么简单了。人为物牵扯到太多的文化涵义，不同的民族，文化非常不同，翻译的时候用一个简单的称谓去一一对应是不现实的。
