(2018-05-22.Python从Zero到One)6、(爬
dupefilter.py
负责执行requst的去重,实现的很有技巧性,使用redis的set数据结构。但是注意scheduler并不使用其中用于在这个模块中实现的dupefilter键做request的调度,而是使用queue.py模块中实现的queue。
当request不重复时,将其存入到queue中,调度时将其弹出。
import logging
import time
from scrapy.dupefilters import BaseDupeFilter
from scrapy.utils.request import request_fingerprint
from .connection import get_redis_from_settings
DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY = "dupefilter:%(timestamp)s"
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# TODO: Rename class to RedisDupeFilter.
class RFPDupeFilter(BaseDupeFilter):
"""Redis-based request duplicates filter.
This class can also be used with default Scrapy's scheduler.
"""
logger = logger
def __init__(self, server, key, debug=False):
"""Initialize the duplicates filter.
Parameters
----------
server : redis.StrictRedis
The redis server instance.
key : str
Redis key Where to store fingerprints.
debug : bool, optional
Whether to log filtered requests.
"""
self.server = server
self.key = key
self.debug = debug
self.logdupes = True
@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
"""Returns an instance from given settings.
This uses by default the key ``dupefilter:<timestamp>``. When using the
``scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler`` class, this method is not used as
it needs to pass the spider name in the key.
Parameters
----------
settings : scrapy.settings.Settings
Returns
-------
RFPDupeFilter
A RFPDupeFilter instance.
"""
server = get_redis_from_settings(settings)
# XXX: This creates one-time key. needed to support to use this
# class as standalone dupefilter with scrapy's default scheduler
# if scrapy passes spider on open() method this wouldn't be needed
# TODO: Use SCRAPY_JOB env as default and fallback to timestamp.
key = DEFAULT_DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp': int(time.time())}
debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG')
return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug)
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
"""Returns instance from crawler.
Parameters
----------
crawler : scrapy.crawler.Crawler
Returns
-------
RFPDupeFilter
Instance of RFPDupeFilter.
"""
return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)
def request_seen(self, request):
"""Returns True if request was already seen.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
Returns
-------
bool
"""
fp = self.request_fingerprint(request)
# This returns the number of values added, zero if already exists.
added = self.server.sadd(self.key, fp)
return added == 0
def request_fingerprint(self, request):
"""Returns a fingerprint for a given request.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
Returns
-------
str
"""
return request_fingerprint(request)
def close(self, reason=''):
"""Delete data on close. Called by Scrapy's scheduler.
Parameters
----------
reason : str, optional
"""
self.clear()
def clear(self):
"""Clears fingerprints data."""
self.server.delete(self.key)
def log(self, request, spider):
"""Logs given request.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
spider : scrapy.spiders.Spider
"""
if self.debug:
msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
elif self.logdupes:
msg = ("Filtered duplicate request %(request)s"
" - no more duplicates will be shown"
" (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)")
msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
self.logdupes = False
这个文件看起来比较复杂,重写了scrapy本身已经实现的request判重功能。因为本身scrapy单机跑的话,只需要读取内存中的request队列或者持久化的request队列(scrapy默认的持久化似乎是json格式的文件,不是数据库)就能判断这次要发出的request url是否已经请求过或者正在调度(本地读就行了)。而分布式跑的话,就需要各个主机上的scheduler都连接同一个数据库的同一个request池来判断这次的请求是否是重复的了。
在这个文件中,通过继承BaseDupeFilter重写他的方法,实现了基于redis的判重。根据源代码来看,scrapy-redis使用了scrapy本身的一个fingerprint接request_fingerprint,这个接口很有趣,根据scrapy文档所说,他通过hash来判断两个url是否相同(相同的url会生成相同的hash结果),但是当两个url的地址相同,get型参数相同但是顺序不同时,也会生成相同的hash结果(这个真的比较神奇。。。)所以scrapy-redis依旧使用url的fingerprint来判断request请求是否已经出现过。
这个类通过连接redis,使用一个key来向redis的一个set中插入fingerprint(这个key对于同一种spider是相同的,redis是一个key-value的数据库,如果key是相同的,访问到的值就是相同的,这里使用spider名字+DupeFilter的key就是为了在不同主机上的不同爬虫实例,只要属于同一种spider,就会访问到同一个set,而这个set就是他们的url判重池),如果返回值为0,说明该set中该fingerprint已经存在(因为集合是没有重复值的),则返回False,如果返回值为1,说明添加了一个fingerprint到set中,则说明这个request没有重复,于是返回True,还顺便把新fingerprint加入到数据库中了。 DupeFilter判重会在scheduler类中用到,每一个request在进入调度之前都要进行判重,如果重复就不需要参加调度,直接舍弃就好了,不然就是白白浪费资源。