Android自定义无压缩加载超清大图
# 自定义无压缩加载超清大图
## 前言
已经很久没有写博客了，前段时间做项目就遇到加载超大图时系统内存溢出，我们一般处理加载图片时OOM的方法都是对图片进行压缩。但是发现手机系统相册是可以打开大图的，今天就分享一波自定义无压缩加载超清大图。
## BitmapRegionDecoder
`BitmapRegionDecoder`用来解码一张图片的某个矩形区域，通常用于加载某个图片的指定区域。通过调用该类提供的一系列`newInstance(...)`方法可获得`BitmapRegionDecoder`对象，该类提供的主要构造方法如下：
获取该对象后我们可以通过`decodeRegion(rect,mOptions)`方法传入需要显示的指定区域，就可以得到指定区域的`Bitmap`。这个方法的第一个参数就是要显示的矩形区域，第二个参数是`BitmapFactory.Options`(这个
类是BitmapFactory对图片进行解码时使用的一个配置参数类，其中定义了一系列的public成员变量，每个成员变量代表一个配置参数。)
## 自定义控件
要自定义这个控件，我们主要分以下几个步骤：
1. 提供一个图片入口
2. 自定义手势监听，通过手势上下左右滑动，更新显示图片的区域
3. 自定义显示指定区域图片，即通过手势滑动传入的区域显示大图在该区域的内容
### 自定义加载大图控件(LargeImageView)
```
package com.example.bthvi.bigpictureloading;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.BitmapRegionDecoder;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.media.ExifInterface;
import android.os.Build;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
* 自定义加载超大图片的View
*
* create by bthvi on 2018/06/29
*/
public class LargeImageView extends View {
/**
*用来解码一张图片的某个矩形区域
*/
private BitmapRegionDecoder mDecoder;
/**
* 图片的宽度和高度
*/
private int mImageWidth,mImageHeight;
/**
*绘制图片区域
*/
private volatile Rect rect = new Rect();
/**
* 手势监听器
*/
private MoveGestureDetector moveGestureDetector;
/**
* 图片解码时的参数配置类
*/
private static final BitmapFactory.Options mOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
/**
* 图片解码时所用的颜色模式
*/
static {
mOptions.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
}
/**
* 构造方法
* @param context
*/
public LargeImageView(Context context) {
super(context);
initView();
}
public LargeImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initView();
}
public LargeImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
initView();
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)
{
moveGestureDetector.onToucEvent(event);
return true;
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
{
Bitmap bm = mDecoder.decodeRegion(rect, mOptions);
canvas.drawBitmap(bm, 0, 0, null);
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
{
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int width = getMeasuredWidth();
int height = getMeasuredHeight();
int imageWidth = mImageWidth;
int imageHeight = mImageHeight;
//默认直接显示图片的中心区域，可以自己去调节
rect.left = imageWidth / 2 - width / 2;
rect.top = imageHeight / 2 - height / 2;
rect.right = rect.left + width;
rect.bottom = rect.top + height;
}
/**
* 初始化
*/
private void initView() {
moveGestureDetector = new MoveGestureDetector(getContext());
SimpleMoveGestureDetector simpleMoveGestureDetector = new SimpleMoveGestureDetector(){
@Override
public boolean onMove(MoveGestureDetector detector){
int moveX = (int) detector.getMoveX();
int moveY = (int) detector.getMoveY();
if (mImageWidth > getWidth()){
rect.offset(-moveX,0);
checkWidth();
invalidate();
}
if (mImageHeight > getHeight())
{
rect.offset(0, -moveY);
checkHeight();
invalidate();
}
return true;
}
};
moveGestureDetector.setOnMoveGestureListener(simpleMoveGestureDetector);
}
public void setInputStream(InputStream is)
{
try
{
mDecoder = BitmapRegionDecoder.newInstance(is, false);
BitmapFactory.Options tmpOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
// Grab the bounds for the scene dimensions
tmpOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, tmpOptions);
/**
* 获取图片的宽高
*/
mImageWidth = mDecoder.getWidth();
mImageHeight = mDecoder.getHeight();
requestLayout();
invalidate();
} catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
} finally
{
try
{
if (is != null) is.close();
} catch (Exception e)
{
}
}
}
private void checkWidth() {
Rect rect2 = rect;
int imageWidth = mImageWidth;
if (rect2.right > imageWidth){
rect2.right = imageWidth;
rect2.left = imageWidth - getWidth();
}
if (rect2.left < 0){
rect2.left = 0;
rect2.right = getWidth();
}
}
private void checkHeight()
{
Rect rect3 = rect;
int imageWidth = mImageWidth;
int imageHeight = mImageHeight;
if (rect3.bottom > imageHeight)
{
rect3.bottom = imageHeight;
rect3.top = imageHeight - getHeight();
}
if (rect3.top < 0)
{
rect3.top = 0;
rect3.bottom = getHeight();
}
}
}
```
上述源码的几个主要方法是`setInputStream(InputStream)`,`onTouchEvent(MotionEvent)`,`onMeasure(int,int)`,`onDraw(Canvas)`,下面我们看下这几个方法的主要逻辑：
- `setInputStream`的主要作用是通过传入的图片输入流来获取图片真实的宽和高。
- `onTouchEvent`这个方法主要监听我们的手势，通过手势监听回调，在滑动时改变图片显示的区域。
- `onMeasure`这个方法是给显示区域的上下左右边届赋值，图片的大小就是显示的大小。
- `onDraw(Canvas)`就是根据上面的指定区域拿到bitmap并绘制在自定义控件上。
### 自定义手势监听(MoveGestureDetector)
```
package com.example.bthvi.bigpictureloading;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.PointF;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
/**
* 手势处理
* create by bthvi on 2018/06/29
*/
public class MoveGestureDetector extends BaseGestureDetector{
/**
* 当前点
*/
private PointF mCurrentPointer;
/**
* 上次触摸点
*/
private PointF mPrePointer;
//仅仅为了减少创建内存
private PointF mDeltaPointer = new PointF();
//用于记录最终结果，并返回
private PointF mExtenalPointer = new PointF();
private OnMoveGestureListener mListenter;
public MoveGestureDetector(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public void setOnMoveGestureListener(OnMoveGestureListener listener){
this.mListenter = listener;
}
public OnMoveGestureListener getmListenter(){
return this.mListenter;
}
@Override
protected void handleInProgressEvent(MotionEvent event) {
/**
* 这里就是处理多点触控，MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK(0x000000ff)与触摸事件进行逻辑运算and。
* 无论多少手指在屏幕上操作，进过逻辑and运算后 都是一个手指
*/
int actionCode = event.getAction() & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
switch (actionCode){
case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
mListenter.onMoveEnd(this);
resetState();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
updateStateByEvent(event);
boolean update = mListenter.onMove(this);
if (update) {
mPreMotionEvent.recycle();
mPreMotionEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
}
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void handleStartProgressEvent(MotionEvent event) {
int actionCode = event.getAction() & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;
switch (actionCode){
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
/**防止没收到 UP 或 CANCEL*/
resetState();
mPreMotionEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
updateStateByEvent(event);
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
mGestureInProgress = mListenter.onMove(this);
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void updateStateByEvent(MotionEvent event) {
final MotionEvent prev = mPreMotionEvent;
mPrePointer = calculateCenterPointer(prev);
mCurrentPointer = calculateCenterPointer(event);
boolean mSkipThisEvent = prev.getPointerCount() != event.getPointerCount();
mExtenalPointer.x = mSkipThisEvent ? 0 : mCurrentPointer.x - mPrePointer.x;
mExtenalPointer.y = mSkipThisEvent ? 0 : mCurrentPointer.y - mPrePointer.y;
}
/**
* 计算多指触控中心点
* @param event
* @return
*/
private PointF calculateCenterPointer(MotionEvent event) {
/**
* 触摸点数
*/
final int count = event.getPointerCount();
float x=0,y=0;
for (int i = 0; i< count;i++){
x += event.getX(i);
y += event.getY(i);
}
x /= count;
y /= count;
return new PointF(x,y);
}
public float getMoveX()
{
return mExtenalPointer.x;
}
public float getMoveY()
{
return mExtenalPointer.y;
}
}
```
这个类主要有四个方法，他们的作用主要是：
- `handleInProgressEvent`，`handleStartProgressEvent`处理手势触摸事件，这里我们注意到`int actionCode = event.getAction() & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;`很多同学可能跟我一样会想为啥要这样写呢？首先，我们知道`MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK`的值为(0x000000ff)，我们的触摸事件跟它做逻辑与运算的结果一定会小于它，这里就是将多个手指的触摸事件转为一个手指触摸。
- `calculateCenterPointer`这个方法就是计算多个手指在屏幕上的中心位置。
- `updateStateByEvent`这个方法主要是更新当前手指的中心位置。
#### BaseGestureDetector
```
package com.example.bthvi.bigpictureloading;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
/**
* 手势处理抽象类
* create by bthvi on 2018/06/29
*/
public abstract class BaseGestureDetector
{
protected boolean mGestureInProgress;
protected MotionEvent mPreMotionEvent;
protected MotionEvent mCurrentMotionEvent;
protected Context mContext;
public BaseGestureDetector(Context context)
{
mContext = context;
}
public boolean onToucEvent(MotionEvent event)
{
if (!mGestureInProgress)
{
handleStartProgressEvent(event);
} else
{
handleInProgressEvent(event);
}
return true;
}
protected abstract void handleInProgressEvent(MotionEvent event);
protected abstract void handleStartProgressEvent(MotionEvent event);
protected abstract void updateStateByEvent(MotionEvent event);
protected void resetState()
{
if (mPreMotionEvent != null)
{
mPreMotionEvent.recycle();
mPreMotionEvent = null;
}
if (mCurrentMotionEvent != null)
{
mCurrentMotionEvent.recycle();
mCurrentMotionEvent = null;
}
mGestureInProgress = false;
}
}
```
#### OnMoveGestureListener
```
package com.example.bthvi.bigpictureloading;
/**
* 手势监听接口
* create by bthvi on 2018/06/29
*/
public interface OnMoveGestureListener {
public boolean onMoveBegin(MoveGestureDetector detector);
public boolean onMove(MoveGestureDetector detector);
public void onMoveEnd(MoveGestureDetector detector);
}
```
#### SimpleMoveGestureDetector
```
package com.example.bthvi.bigpictureloading;
/**
* 手势监听接口实现
* create by bthvi on 2018/06/29
*/
public class SimpleMoveGestureDetector implements OnMoveGestureListener {
@Override
public boolean onMoveBegin(MoveGestureDetector detector) {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean onMove(MoveGestureDetector detector) {
return false;
}
@Override
public void onMoveEnd(MoveGestureDetector detector) {
}
}
```
## 调用
首先在xml中调用LargeImageView
```
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
android:id="@+id/largeImageView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
```
然后在Activity里面去将图片的输入流设置给LargeImageView
```
package com.example.bthvi.bigpictureloading;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
/**
*
* create by bthvi on 2018/06/29
*/
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
LargeImageView largeImageView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
largeImageView = findViewById(R.id.largeImageView);
try {
InputStream stream = getAssets().open("world.jpg");
largeImageView.setInputStream(stream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
```
最后附上源码地址[点击查看源码](https://github.com/Terrybthvi/BigPictureLoading)
##### 特别感谢
[Android 高清加载巨图方案 拒绝压缩图片](https://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/49300989/)
