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JavaScript命令模式实现菜单管理.

2019-12-24  本文已影响0人  零度的冰

1、命令模式

1.1 命令模式实现菜单程序

    <body>
        <button id="botton1">点击按钮1</button>
        <button id="botton2">点击按钮2</button>
        <button id="botton3">点击按钮3</button>
    </body>
    <script>
        var button1 = document.getElementById('botton1');
        var button2 = document.getElementById('botton2');
        var button3 = document.getElementById('botton3');
    </srcipt>

定义setCommand函数,负责往按钮上添加命令;

var setCommand = function(button,command) {
    button.onclick = function() {
        command.execute();
    }
}

按钮后面的行为被封装在下面的两个对象中:

var MenBar = {
    refresh:function() {
        // 刷新菜单的操作
    }
};
var SubMenu = {
    add:function() {
        // 添加菜单的操作
    },
    del:function() {
        // 删除菜单的操作
    }
}

在让button变得有用起来之前,我们先要把这些行为都封装在命令类中:

// 刷新
var RefreshMenuBarCommand = function(receiver) {
    this.receiver = receiver;
};
RefreshMenuBarCommand.prototype.execute = function() {
    this.receiver.refresh();
};
// 添加
var AddMenuCommand = function (receiver) {
    this.receiver = receiver;
};
AddMenuCommand.prototype.execute = function() {
    this.receiver.add();
};
// 删除
var DelMenuCommand = function(receiver) {
    this.receiver = receiver;
};
DelMenuCommand.prototype.execute = funciton() {
    this.receiver.del();
};

最后把命令接收者传入到command对象中,并且把command对象安装到button上面:

var refreshMenuBarCommand = new RefreshMenuBarCommand(MenBar);
var addMenuCommand = new AddMenuCommand(SubMenu);
var delMenuCommand = new DelMenuCommand(SubMenu);
setCommand(button1,refreshMenuBarCommand);
setCommand(button2,addMenuCommand);
setCommand(button3,delMenuCommand);

1.2 Javascript中的命令模式

命令模式的由来,其实就是回调函数的一个面向对象的替代品。
利用JavaScript实现命令模式的:

var bindClick = function (button,func) {
    button.onclick = func;
};
var MenBar = {
    refresh = function () {
        console.log('刷新页面!');
    }
};
var SubMenu = {
    add : function () {
        console.log('添加菜单!')
    },
    del :funciton () {
        console.log('删除菜单')
    }
};
bindClick(button1,MenBar.refresh);
bindClick(button2,SubMenu.add);
bindClick(button3,SubMenu.del);

在面向对象设计中,命令模式的接收者被当成command对象的属性保存起来,同时约定执行命令的操作调用command.execute方法。在使用闭包的命令模式实现中,接收者被封闭在闭包产生的环境中,执行命令更加简单,仅仅执行回调函数即可;

var setCommand = function (button,func) {
    button.onclick = function () {
        func()
    }
};
var MenuBar = {
    refresh = function () {
        console.log('刷新页面!');
    }
};
var RefreshMenuBarCommand = function (receiver) {
    return function () {
        receiver.refresh();
    }
};
var refreshMenuBarCommand = RefreshMenuBarCommand(MenuBar);
setCommand(button1,refreshMenuBarCommand);

当然,如果想要更明确地表达当前正在使用命令模式,或者出了执行命令之外,将来还有可能还要提供撤销命令等操作。那么最好还是把执行函数改成调用execute方法:

var RefreshMenuBarCommand = function (receiver) {
    reuturn {
        execute : function () {
            receiver.refresh();
        }
    }
};
var setCommand = function (button ,command) {
    button.onclick = function () {
        command.execute();
    }
};
var refreshMenuBarCommand = RefreshMenuBarCommand(MenuBar);
setCommand(button1,refreshMenuBarCommand);
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