Day9: 常用动词一
Appear
-
我们通常使用
appear
表示how something looks
(显得)或seems look
,经常在appear
后面跟形容词或者是一个to动词不定式:They appear very disappointed.
There appears to be a problem with the car.
The people don't appear to know why they are here.
不经常但很正式的场景下,可以使用
appear
+形容词
+名词
:She appears quite a nervous driver.
还可以和
it
一起使用作为主语,跟着as if
、as though
、that
:It appears as if you got the wrong directions to the school.
It appears as though they were wrong.
It appears that he was not the first choice.
-
appear
也表示come into sight
(出现)、become noticeable
:Suddenly the figure of a man appeared in the distance.
-
我们主要使用
appear
讨论事实或事件等,使用seem
去讨论一些事实也讨论一些个人的感觉看法和主意等,seem
和名词使用:His car appears/seems to have broken down.
It seems crazy that we shoud have to pay twice.
Not:
It appears carzy that ...It seemed a good choice at the time.
Not:
It appeared a good choice ...
Arrive
-
我们使用动词
arrive
+in
/at
来谈论coming to
,getting to
, 或reaching
一个地点,表明一段行程结束。如果我们将目的地视为一个点,使用arrive at
;如果将目的地视为区域,使用arrive in
:We arrive at the art gallery just as it was closing. (将gallery视为点)
Immigrants who arrived in the country after 2005 have to take a special language test. (将country视为区域)
-
我们不使用
arrive to
+地点:I always arrive at college about half an hour before my classes start.
Not:
I always arrive to college about ...
Ask / Ask for
-
ask
表示提出一个问题或向某人寻求一个答案:Can I ask you a question?
He asked me what the age I was.
"How are you?" she asked.
-
我们可以使用
ask
+to动词不定式
来表示要求什么东西:She asked to see Professor Tao.
We asked Tim to help us.
-
ask for
+something
表示你希望某人给你something
:I always ask for extra tomato sauce on my pizza.
They asked their boss for more money, but he refused.
I call them to ask for more details.
Not:
I call them to ask more details.(希望寻求某物时,使用ask for) -
demand
表示ask for something forcefully
,以一种方式表明我们不想被拒绝:We are writing to ask for your help in finding suitable accommodation in Shanghai.
Not:
We are writing to demand ...
Come
-
come
表示移动,表示从说者的地方到听者或听者的地方到说者的动作;或者从其它地方到说者或听者的地方;或者和说话者或听者去其它地方:Can you come to my office? I need to show you something. (听者到说者的动作)
Shall I come to your place at 8 pm? (说者到听者的动作)
Roise is going to come to you on Friday if that's okay. (其它地方到听者)
A man come to my door last night selling pictures. (其它地方到说者)
Are you coming with us to the beach this afternoon?
-
come
表示到达(arrive):Has the post come yet?
Fan come about an hour ago but Tom isn't here yet.
-
come / come to
,当我们讨论因为一个人到特定地点而发生的事,使用come and
;当我们简单的表达一个人的倾向或去某地的目的,使用come to
:Would you like to come and have dinner with us one day next week?
He comes to apologise, but she wouldn't speak to him. (他的倾向意图是道歉)
-
在非正式口语中
how come
表示why
:A: How about lunch at 1 pm?
B: Not today. I am afraid.
A: How come?
B: I've got a big meeting this afternoon and I need to prepare for it.
Do
-- do 作为主要动词
-
泛指做这个动作,不具体指明是什么动作:
What have you been doing today, anything interesting?
Can I do anything to help?
-
达到、完成或处理某事物:
A: I have done this washing up.
B: Oh, thank you.
We did 80 miles on the first day of our cycling holiday.
-
工作或者任务:
What does Joe's sister do? - She's a doctor.
-
参与到活动中:
I did a lot of hiking and mountain-climbing when I was younger.
She did a trip down the Amzon when she was in Brazil.
-
制作、创造。经常在非正式口语中使用
do
连接copy
、design
、drawing
、painting
等词:I like that photo of you. Can you do me a copy.
Who did the design for the website?
She did a lovely painting of the house where we live.
-
整理干净、有条理:
The clearner was doing my room when I came back.
I'll just do my hair and then I'll be ready.
-
足够的,可接受的:
A: What size of bag do you need?
B: A small one will do.
-- do 作为助动词
-
用在否定句中,简写形式(don't、doesn't、didn't)常用在日常非正式场合,非简写形式比较正式:
I don't like you.
-
用在问句中,还有反问中:
Do you like me?
Didn't you get my email? I sent it at about four o'clock.
Did the parents not realize that something serious had happened to their child?
She plays the piano? Doesn't she?
-
用在强调句中,强调主动词,重读
do
:I do like your new jacket!
She does look so tired!
也在祈使句中强调:
Do come and have dinner with us some time.
Do stop talking, Harry! You are boring everybody!
-- do作为替代动词
-
do
替代那些我们不想重复的词:A: We went to the concert in the park this year.
B: Yes, we did too. (Yes, we went to the concert in the park too.)
如果需要替代的是
to动词不定式
,那么不能单独使用do
替代,可以删除需要替换的动词短语保留to
,或者使用do so
、do it
、do that
替代:It's not often I write letters to newspapers, but that day I desperately felt the need (to write letters to newspapers.此括号内容是需要被替代的)
It's not ..., but that day I desperately felt the need (to) (to do so) (to do it) (to do that). (四个括号任选其一)
-
我们主要用
do so
去指那些主语和动作与我们提到的相同,do so
比do it
、do that
要正式:I wanted them to leave, and politely asked them to do so(asked them to leave), but they wouldn't go, so I call the police.
使用
do so
要比单独使用do
正式很多:Do you mind if I open the present now?
Yes, please do so. (open the present now)
也可以用
do so
替代一系列动作:The birds make their nests on the north side of the island in little holes in the rocks. The reason why thry do so is because ...
-
当我们引用涉及动词和宾语时,我们使用
do it
,特别是当主语与我们提到的不一样:He accidentally deleted some emails on his computer.
I do it all the time. (我一直这么做,两次主语不同)
-
do that
强调有意识的动作:A: Would you ever give a complete stranger your phone number?
B: No. I would never do that. (I would never give a complete stranger my phone number.)
在比较事物的场合也可以使用:
I've decided to wait a year before starting college. I want to travel a bit and see the world.
B: I really think you should do that rather than starting college. You are still so young.
-
do so
、do it
、do that
虽有时有一点差别,但是它们经常可以互换使用 -
也可以使用情态动词+
do
来替代:A: I feel terrible.
B: You should go to the doctor.
A: I should do, I know, but I have so much work to finish.
A: Has Matin met Paul before?
B: He could have done at the sales meeting last year, but I'm not sure.