C++ Primer Plus习题

C++ Primer Plus 第17章 输入、输出和文件 习题6

能读文件、显示所有数据

允许用户添加数据

数据类型包括：abstr_emp, employee, manager, fink, highfink
基类 abstr_emp
子类 employee, manager, fink, highfink

emp.h

// emp.h -- abstr_emp类及其子类的头文件
#ifndef EMP_H_  
#define EMP_H_  
#include <iostream>  
#include <fstream>  
#include <string>  
class abstr_emp
{
private:
    std::string fname;
    std::string lname;
    std::string job;
protected:
    const std::string &GetFname() const { return fname; }  // 取名字
    const std::string &GetLname() const { return lname; }  // 取姓氏
    const std::string &GetJob() const { return job; } // 取工作
    void SetFname() { std::cout << "Input Fname: "; std::getline(std::cin, fname); } //设置 名字、姓氏、工作
    void SetLname() { std::cout << "Input Lname: "; std::getline(std::cin, lname); }
    void SetJob() { std::cout << "Input Job: "; std::getline(std::cin, job); }
public:
    abstr_emp();
    abstr_emp(const std::string &fn, const std::string &ln, const std::string &j);
    abstr_emp(const abstr_emp &e);
    virtual void ShowAll() const;
    virtual void SetAll();
    virtual void WriteAll(std::ofstream &of);
    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const abstr_emp &e);
    virtual ~abstr_emp() = 0;
};

class employee : public abstr_emp
{
public:
    employee();
    employee(const std::string &fn, const std::string &ln, const std::string &j);
    ~employee() {}
    virtual void ShowAll() const;
    virtual void SetAll();
    virtual void WriteAll(std::ofstream &of);   // 为了将数据保存到文件中所设计的虚函数
};

class manager : virtual public abstr_emp
{
private:
    int inchargeof;
protected:
    int InChargeOf() const { return inchargeof; }
    int &InChargOf() { return inchargeof; }
    void SetInChargeOf() { std::cout << "Input InChargeOf: "; std::cin >> inchargeof; std::cin.get(); } // 设置InChargeOf
public:
    manager();
    manager(const std::string &fn, const std::string &ln, const std::string &j, int ico = 0);
    manager(const abstr_emp &e, int ico);
    manager(const manager &m);
    ~manager() {}
    virtual void ShowAll() const;
    virtual void SetAll();
    virtual void WriteAll(std::ofstream &of); // 为了将数据保存到文件中所设计的虚函数
};

class fink : virtual public abstr_emp
{
private:
    std::string reportsto;
protected:
    const std::string ReportsTo() const { return reportsto; }
    std::string &ReportsTo() { return reportsto; }
    void SetReportsto() { std::cout << "Input reportsto: "; std::getline(std::cin, reportsto); }
public:
    fink();
    fink(const std::string &fn, const std::string &ln, const std::string &j, const std::string &rpo);
    fink(const abstr_emp &e, const std::string &rpo);
    fink(const fink &e);
    ~fink() {}
    virtual void ShowAll() const;
    virtual void SetAll();
    virtual void WriteAll(std::ofstream &of);
};

class highfink : public manager, public fink
{
public:
    highfink();
    highfink(const std::string &fn, const std::string &ln, const std::string &j, const std::string &rpo, int ico);
    highfink(const abstr_emp &e, const std::string &rpo, int ico);
    highfink(const fink &f, int ico);
    highfink(const manager &m, const std::string &rpo);
    highfink(const highfink &h);
    ~highfink() {}
    virtual void ShowAll() const;
    virtual void SetAll();
    virtual void WriteAll(std::ofstream &of);
};

#endif

emp.cc

#include "emp.h"
// emp.h中定义的类中成员函数的实现
// abstr_emp
abstr_emp::abstr_emp() : fname("NULL"), lname("NULL"), job("NULL")
{
}

abstr_emp::abstr_emp(const std::string & fn, const std::string & ln, const std::string & j) : fname(fn), lname(ln), job(j)
{
}

abstr_emp::abstr_emp(const abstr_emp & e) : fname(e.fname), lname(e.lname), job(e.job)
{
}

void abstr_emp::ShowAll() const
{
    std::cout << "fname: " << GetFname() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "lname: " << GetLname() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "job: " << GetJob() << std::endl;
}

void abstr_emp::SetAll()
{
    SetFname();
    SetLname();
    SetJob();
}

void abstr_emp::WriteAll(std::ofstream & of)
{
    of << GetFname() << std::endl << GetLname() << std::endl << GetJob() << std::endl << std::endl;
}

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const abstr_emp &e)
{
    os << e.fname << ", " << e.lname << ", " << e.job;
    return os;
}

abstr_emp::~abstr_emp()
{
}

// employee
employee::employee() : abstr_emp()
{
}

employee::employee(const std::string & fn, const std::string & ln, const std::string & j) : abstr_emp(fn, ln, j)
{
}

void employee::ShowAll() const
{
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
}

void employee::SetAll()
{
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
}

void employee::WriteAll(std::ofstream & of)
{
    of << "1" << std::endl;
    of << GetFname() << std::endl << GetLname() << std::endl << GetJob() << std::endl << std::endl;
}

// manager
manager::manager() : abstr_emp()
{
    inchargeof = 0;
}

manager::manager(const std::string & fn, const std::string & ln, const std::string & j, int ico) : abstr_emp(fn, ln, j)
{
    inchargeof = ico;
}

manager::manager(const abstr_emp & e, int ico) : abstr_emp(e)
{
    inchargeof = ico;
}

manager::manager(const manager & m) : abstr_emp((const abstr_emp &)m)
{
    inchargeof = m.inchargeof;
}

void manager::ShowAll() const
{
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
    std::cout << "inchargeof: " << InChargeOf() << std::endl;
}

void manager::SetAll()
{
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
    SetInChargeOf();
}

void manager::WriteAll(std::ofstream & of)
{
    of << "2" << std::endl;
    of << GetFname() << std::endl;
    of << GetLname() << std::endl;
    of << GetJob() << std::endl;
    of << inchargeof << std::endl << std::endl;
}

// fink
fink::fink() : abstr_emp()
{
    reportsto = "NULL";
}

fink::fink(const std::string & fn, const std::string & ln, const std::string & j, const std::string & rpo) : abstr_emp(fn, ln, j)
{
    reportsto = rpo;
}

fink::fink(const abstr_emp & e, const std::string & rpo) : abstr_emp(e)
{
    reportsto = rpo;
}

fink::fink(const fink & e) : abstr_emp((const abstr_emp &)e)
{
    reportsto = e.reportsto;
}

void fink::ShowAll() const
{
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
    std::cout << "reportsto" << ReportsTo() << std::endl;
}

void fink::SetAll()
{
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
    SetReportsto();
}

void fink::WriteAll(std::ofstream & of)
{
    of << "3" << std::endl;
    of << GetFname() << std::endl;
    of << GetLname() << std::endl;
    of << GetJob() << std::endl;
    of << reportsto << std::endl;
}

// highfink
highfink::highfink() : abstr_emp(), manager(), fink()
{
}

highfink::highfink(const std::string & fn, const std::string & ln, const std::string & j, const std::string & rpo, int ico) : abstr_emp(fn, ln, j), manager(fn, ln, j, ico), fink(fn, ln, j, rpo)
{
}

highfink::highfink(const abstr_emp & e, const std::string & rpo, int ico) : abstr_emp(e), manager(e, ico), fink(e, rpo)
{
}

highfink::highfink(const fink & f, int ico) : abstr_emp((const abstr_emp &)f), manager((const abstr_emp &)f, ico), fink(f)
{
}

highfink::highfink(const manager & m, const std::string & rpo) : abstr_emp((const abstr_emp &)m), manager(m), fink((const abstr_emp &)m, rpo)
{
}

highfink::highfink(const highfink & h) : abstr_emp((const abstr_emp &)h), manager((const manager &)h), fink((const fink &)h)
{
}

void highfink::ShowAll() const
{
    abstr_emp::ShowAll();
    std::cout << "inchargeof: " << InChargeOf() << std::endl;
    std::cout << "reportsto: " << ReportsTo() << std::endl;
}

void highfink::SetAll()
{
    abstr_emp::SetAll();
    manager::SetInChargeOf();
    fink::SetReportsto();
}

void highfink::WriteAll(std::ofstream & of)
{
    of << "4" << std::endl;
    of << GetFname() << std::endl;
    of << GetLname() << std::endl;
    of << GetJob() << std::endl;
    of << InChargeOf() << std::endl;
    of << ReportsTo() << std::endl << std::endl;
}

main.cc

// main.cpp
#include "emp.h"

const char *FileName = "1.txt";

int main(){
    std::ifstream fin;
    do {
        fin.clear();
        fin.open(FileName);
        if (fin.is_open()) {
            std::cout << "当前文件" << FileName << "内容：\n";
            int count = 0;
            std::string str;
            while (std::getline(fin, str)) {
                abstr_emp *ptr = NULL;
                if (str == "1") {
                    // 按行读入数据，分别传给名、姓、工作
                    std::string fname, lname, job;
                    std::getline(fin, fname);
                    std::getline(fin, lname);
                    std::getline(fin, job);
                    // 构造为employee类
                    ptr = new employee(fname, lname, job);
                    ptr->ShowAll(); // 显示出来
                }
                else if (str == "2"){
                    std::string fname, lname, job, inchargeof;
                    std::getline(fin, fname);
                    std::getline(fin, lname);
                    std::getline(fin, job);
                    std::getline(fin, inchargeof);

                    ptr = new manager(fname, lname, job, atoi(inchargeof.c_str()));
                    ptr->ShowAll();
                }
                else if (str == "3")
                {
                    std::string fname, lname, job, reportsto;
                    std::getline(fin, fname);
                    std::getline(fin, lname);
                    std::getline(fin, job);
                    std::getline(fin, reportsto);

                    ptr = new fink(fname, lname, job, reportsto);
                    ptr->ShowAll();
                }
                else
                {
                    std::string fname, lname, job, inchargeof, reportsto;
                    std::getline(fin, fname);
                    std::getline(fin, lname);
                    std::getline(fin, job);
                    std::getline(fin, inchargeof);
                    std::getline(fin, reportsto);

                    ptr = new highfink(fname, lname, job, reportsto, atoi(inchargeof.c_str()));
                    ptr->ShowAll();
                }
                std::getline(fin, str);
            }
            fin.close();
        }

        std::ofstream fout(FileName, std::ios::out | std::ios::app); //附加信息
        if (!fout.is_open())
        {
            std::cerr << "Can't open " << FileName << " file for output.\n";
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        abstr_emp *ptr = NULL;
        std::cout << "选择要生成的类型:\n";
        std::cout << "1、employee\t2、manager\n3、fink\t4、highfink\n";
        int ans;
        std::cin >> ans;
        std::cin.get();
        switch (ans)
        {
            // 按选择的类型建立对应的类指针
        case 1:
            ptr = new employee;
            break;
        case 2:
            ptr = new manager;
            break;
        case 3:
            ptr = new fink;
            break;
        case 4:
            ptr = new highfink;
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        ptr->SetAll();  // 提示用户输入
        ptr->WriteAll(fout); // 输出内容到文件

        char ch;
        std::cout << "继续?<y/n>: ";
        std::cin >> ch;
        std::cin.get();
        if (ch == 'n')
            break;
    } while (true);

    fin.close();
    return 0;
}