20 复述－如何成为一个专家

Gender differences does not make sense and there is
no early indicators showing who is more likely to become a future expert. W
hat really matter is the amount and quality of practice.

There is no scientific evidence that supposed expertise leads to superior performance and expertise seems decline with experience.
A genuine expert must perform consistently better than their peers.
and their expertise is able to produce concrete results and these successful outcomes can be replicated and measured. One of sensible method of measurement is to standardize conditions among individuals over time. But it’s not a easy job in particularly for leadership and other creative professions.

Deliberate practice means that you focuses on tasks beyond your current level of competence and comfort and it plays an important role in developing business and leadership expertise. Case method and war games are two classic examples to apply deliberate practice. Genuine experts not only practice deliberately but also think deliberately. They are trying to enhance their power of concentration in their practice，but very few appear to be able to engage in a long time concentration, so typically they will set aside only a couple of hours a day in the morning and do the most demanding mental activities at this period. On the other hand it is very easy to pass deliberate practice to respond automatically and rely more on their intuition. So substantial motivation is necessary for our achievements to move outside our traditional comfort zone.

The minimum length of time to be the world-class performers is supposed to be 10,000 hours of intense training and it is even longer in some fields. But many people are naive about how long it takes to become an expert. Also the bar of performance has risen steadily in most fields, but starting early at least in some fields gives you an advantage over players.

Another key element for being a expert is a teacher or an assistant to the teacher who can supervise your practice and give you prompt feedback. And different teachers are needed at different stages and their support is capable of accelerating your learning process. However relying on a coach has its own limits and his job should help you become increasingly independent and you can eventually self-coach yourself.

Before practice, the first step is that you need luck and opportunity to ignore the notion that genius is born not made.