java锁机制分类以及实现原理剖析(1)--公平锁与非公平锁
我们最早接触java线程锁,其实也就是syncronized和ReentrantLock,ReentrantLock作为Lock的一个实现,其实构造时,也分为公平锁与非公平锁之分。
先看源码:
/**
* Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
* given fairness policy.
*
* @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
*/
public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
}
这一部分就是ReentrantLock的构造方法,传入的参数不同构造的锁类型就将不同。
下面先看看一下公平锁的实现,源码如下:
/**
* Sync object for fair locks
*/
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3000897897090466540L;
final void lock() {
acquire(1);
}
/**
* Fair version of tryAcquire. Don't grant access unless
* recursive call or no waiters or is first.
*/
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
然后再贴出非公平锁的实现源码:
/**
* Sync object for non-fair locks
*/
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;
/**
* Performs lock. Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
* acquire on failure.
*/
final void lock() {
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
else
acquire(1);
}
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
}
}
先从概念上,我的理解是:
公平锁: 每个等待的线程首先他们获取锁的机会是公平的,那么怎么保证他们是公平的呢?只能是根据申请锁的顺序来保证,那顺序又如何保证呢,必然是有一个类似队列的数据结构来序列化等待的线程。
非公平锁:从字面意思上理解,每个等待的线程获取锁的机会是不公平的,那他们如何获取锁呢?显然获取锁的时候就该八仙过海,各显神通了,必然会导致有些能力差的线程抢不到锁。
带着这些概念上的理解与思路我们开始重读源码。先从non-fair locks 开始。
非公平锁
我们来逐行分析:
1.首先是对象序列化时候的UID。
2.lock()是一个构建锁的方法,tryAcquire()是一个获取锁的方法。
3.先看lock()方法,会先去执行本地CAS算法,看看当前锁的状态是不是0,是0的话就改为1,那么就给当前线程排它的权限,也就是对当前线程操作的资源加上了锁。如果CAS算法结果不成立,然后会去获取锁。
- tryAcquire()尝试获取锁方法。
/**
* Performs non-fair tryLock. tryAcquire is implemented in
* subclasses, but both need nonfair try for trylock method.
*/
final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0) // overflow
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
如果当前资源不在同步状态,compareAndSetState(0, acquires) CAS算法看状态, setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);设置当前线程加锁。如果当前线程有锁就更新锁状态。
公平锁
与非公平锁一样,提供lock()与tryAcquire()方法,不一样的是fair lock多了一个对等待线程队列的判断,当前线程是否处在最前。