1、源码版本

libdispatch-1173.40.5
地址：https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/libdispatch/

2、dispatch_get_global_queue

init.c

dispatch_queue_global_t
dispatch_get_global_queue(long priority, unsigned long flags)
{
    dispatch_assert(countof(_dispatch_root_queues) ==
            DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_COUNT);

    if (flags & ~(unsigned long)DISPATCH_QUEUE_OVERCOMMIT) {
        return DISPATCH_BAD_INPUT;
    }
    // 获取队列优先级
    dispatch_qos_t qos = _dispatch_qos_from_queue_priority(priority);
#if !HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS
    if (qos == QOS_CLASS_MAINTENANCE) {
        qos = DISPATCH_QOS_BACKGROUND;
    } else if (qos == QOS_CLASS_USER_INTERACTIVE) {
        qos = DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INITIATED;
    }
#endif
    if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_UNSPECIFIED) {
        return DISPATCH_BAD_INPUT;
    }
    // 从系统默认的root队列数组中取对应qos的队列
    return _dispatch_get_root_queue(qos, flags & DISPATCH_QUEUE_OVERCOMMIT);
}

priority.h

static inline dispatch_qos_t
_dispatch_qos_from_queue_priority(long priority)
{
    switch (priority) {
    case DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND:      return DISPATCH_QOS_BACKGROUND;
    case DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_NON_INTERACTIVE: return DISPATCH_QOS_UTILITY;
    case DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_LOW:             return DISPATCH_QOS_UTILITY;
    case DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT:         return DISPATCH_QOS_DEFAULT;
    case DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH:            return DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INITIATED;
    default: return _dispatch_qos_from_qos_class((qos_class_t)priority);
    }
}

inline_internal.h

struct dispatch_queue_global_s _dispatch_root_queues[] = {
#define _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_IDX(n, flags) \
        ((flags & DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT) ? \
        DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_IDX_##n##_QOS_OVERCOMMIT : \
        DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_IDX_##n##_QOS)
#define _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(n, flags, ...) \
    [_DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_IDX(n, flags)] = { \
        DISPATCH_GLOBAL_OBJECT_HEADER(queue_global), \
        .dq_state = DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_STATE_INIT_VALUE, \
        .do_ctxt = _dispatch_root_queue_ctxt(_DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_IDX(n, flags)), \
        .dq_atomic_flags = DQF_WIDTH(DISPATCH_QUEUE_WIDTH_POOL), \
        .dq_priority = flags | ((flags & DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_FALLBACK) ? \
                _dispatch_priority_make_fallback(DISPATCH_QOS_##n) : \
                _dispatch_priority_make(DISPATCH_QOS_##n, 0)), \
        __VA_ARGS__ \
    }
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(MAINTENANCE, 0,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.maintenance-qos",
        .dq_serialnum = 4,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(MAINTENANCE, DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.maintenance-qos.overcommit",
        .dq_serialnum = 5,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(BACKGROUND, 0,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.background-qos",
        .dq_serialnum = 6,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(BACKGROUND, DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.background-qos.overcommit",
        .dq_serialnum = 7,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(UTILITY, 0,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.utility-qos",
        .dq_serialnum = 8,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(UTILITY, DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.utility-qos.overcommit",
        .dq_serialnum = 9,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(DEFAULT, DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_FALLBACK,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.default-qos",
        .dq_serialnum = 10,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(DEFAULT,
            DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_FALLBACK | DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.default-qos.overcommit",
        .dq_serialnum = 11,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(USER_INITIATED, 0,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.user-initiated-qos",
        .dq_serialnum = 12,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(USER_INITIATED, DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.user-initiated-qos.overcommit",
        .dq_serialnum = 13,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(USER_INTERACTIVE, 0,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.user-interactive-qos",
        .dq_serialnum = 14,
    ),
    _DISPATCH_ROOT_QUEUE_ENTRY(USER_INTERACTIVE, DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT,
        .dq_label = "com.apple.root.user-interactive-qos.overcommit",
        .dq_serialnum = 15,
    ),
};

3、dispatch_queue_create

queue.c

dispatch_queue_t
dispatch_queue_create_with_target(const char *label, dispatch_queue_attr_t dqa,
        dispatch_queue_t tq)
{
    return _dispatch_lane_create_with_target(label, dqa, tq, false);
}

DISPATCH_NOINLINE
static dispatch_queue_t
_dispatch_lane_create_with_target(const char *label, dispatch_queue_attr_t dqa,
        dispatch_queue_t tq, bool legacy)
{
    dispatch_queue_attr_info_t dqai = _dispatch_queue_attr_to_info(dqa);

    //
    // Step 1: Normalize arguments (qos, overcommit, tq)
    //

    // 取出优先级
    dispatch_qos_t qos = dqai.dqai_qos;
#if !HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS
    if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INTERACTIVE) {
        dqai.dqai_qos = qos = DISPATCH_QOS_USER_INITIATED;
    }
    if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_MAINTENANCE) {
        dqai.dqai_qos = qos = DISPATCH_QOS_BACKGROUND;
    }
#endif // !HAVE_PTHREAD_WORKQUEUE_QOS

    _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_t overcommit = dqai.dqai_overcommit;
    if (overcommit != _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_unspecified && tq) {
        if (tq->do_targetq) {
            DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(tq, "Cannot specify both overcommit and "
                    "a non-global target queue");
        }
    }

    if (tq && dx_type(tq) == DISPATCH_QUEUE_GLOBAL_ROOT_TYPE) {
        // Handle discrepancies between attr and target queue, attributes win
        if (overcommit == _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_unspecified) {
            if (tq->dq_priority & DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT) {
                overcommit = _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_enabled;
            } else {
                overcommit = _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_disabled;
            }
        }
        if (qos == DISPATCH_QOS_UNSPECIFIED) {
            qos = _dispatch_priority_qos(tq->dq_priority);
        }
        tq = NULL;
    } else if (tq && !tq->do_targetq) {
        // target is a pthread or runloop root queue, setting QoS or overcommit
        // is disallowed
        if (overcommit != _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_unspecified) {
            DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(tq, "Cannot specify an overcommit attribute "
                    "and use this kind of target queue");
        }
    } else {
        if (overcommit == _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_unspecified) {
            // Serial queues default to overcommit!
            overcommit = dqai.dqai_concurrent ?
                    _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_disabled :
                    _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_enabled;
        }
    }
    
    // 初始化队列默认传了DISPATCH_TARGET_QUEUE_DEFAULT，也就是null，所以进入if语句。
    if (!tq) {
        // 获取一个管理自己队列的root队列
        tq = _dispatch_get_root_queue(
                qos == DISPATCH_QOS_UNSPECIFIED ? DISPATCH_QOS_DEFAULT : qos,
                overcommit == _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_enabled)->_as_dq;
        if (unlikely(!tq)) {
            DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(qos, "Invalid queue attribute");
        }
    }

    //
    // Step 2: Initialize the queue
    //

    if (legacy) {
        // if any of these attributes is specified, use non legacy classes
        if (dqai.dqai_inactive || dqai.dqai_autorelease_frequency) {
            legacy = false;
        }
    }

    const void *vtable;
    dispatch_queue_flags_t dqf = legacy ? DQF_MUTABLE : 0;
    if (dqai.dqai_concurrent) {
        vtable = DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_concurrent);
    } else {
        vtable = DISPATCH_VTABLE(queue_serial);
    }
    switch (dqai.dqai_autorelease_frequency) {
    case DISPATCH_AUTORELEASE_FREQUENCY_NEVER:
        dqf |= DQF_AUTORELEASE_NEVER;
        break;
    case DISPATCH_AUTORELEASE_FREQUENCY_WORK_ITEM:
        dqf |= DQF_AUTORELEASE_ALWAYS;
        break;
    }
    if (label) {
        const char *tmp = _dispatch_strdup_if_mutable(label);
        if (tmp != label) {
            dqf |= DQF_LABEL_NEEDS_FREE;
            label = tmp;
        }
    }

    dispatch_lane_t dq = _dispatch_object_alloc(vtable,
            sizeof(struct dispatch_lane_s));
    _dispatch_queue_init(dq, dqf, dqai.dqai_concurrent ?
            DISPATCH_QUEUE_WIDTH_MAX : 1, DISPATCH_QUEUE_ROLE_INNER |
            (dqai.dqai_inactive ? DISPATCH_QUEUE_INACTIVE : 0));

    dq->dq_label = label;
    dq->dq_priority = _dispatch_priority_make((dispatch_qos_t)dqai.dqai_qos,
            dqai.dqai_relpri);
    if (overcommit == _dispatch_queue_attr_overcommit_enabled) {
        dq->dq_priority |= DISPATCH_PRIORITY_FLAG_OVERCOMMIT;
    }
    if (!dqai.dqai_inactive) {
        _dispatch_queue_priority_inherit_from_target(dq, tq);
        _dispatch_lane_inherit_wlh_from_target(dq, tq);
    }
    _dispatch_retain(tq);
    dq->do_targetq = tq;
    _dispatch_object_debug(dq, "%s", __func__);
    return _dispatch_trace_queue_create(dq)._dq;
}

static inline dispatch_queue_global_t
_dispatch_get_root_queue(dispatch_qos_t qos, bool overcommit)
{
    if (unlikely(qos < DISPATCH_QOS_MIN || qos > DISPATCH_QOS_MAX)) {
        DISPATCH_CLIENT_CRASH(qos, "Corrupted priority");
    }
    return &_dispatch_root_queues[2 * (qos - 1) + overcommit];
}