三步精通英语虚拟语气

今天来跟大家说说英语四大特殊句型中的虚拟语气。许多同学都觉得虚拟语气是个老大难的问题，做了几百道虚拟语气选择题却还是对虚拟语气懵懵懂懂，然后上网搜索“虚拟语气”，又跳出来各种各样天花乱坠的句式好像脑袋要记爆炸？

虚拟语气

专八学姐告诉你其实虚拟语气没那么难，也不用记太多的什么句型法则，所有扩展出来的变形不过都是万变不离“三个基本”。今天，我们就来拎出这三个 基本套路。

首先，我们要明白为什么会有虚拟语气？所谓虚拟语气，即是为了表达某种想象而来。

那在虚拟语气中，发生变化的是什么呢，是谓语！划重点，谓语！

谓语发生怎样的变化？谓语动词往前倒推，就是往前倒时态 ！

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01 对现在的幻想

我们先看假设正常的语句 I am you, I will take an umbrella.

但是“我”肯定不是“你”，只能幻想，那么If I were you, I would take an umbrella.

在正常语句的基础上时态倒推一格，“现在”变“过去”，即现在虚拟口诀——if were..., would do.

【注意！】be动词在虚拟语气中只用：were，没有was

02 对将来的幻想

正常：be going to do/ will do/ be to do

假设正常 She is to be here next Monday, I will tell her about the matter.

If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：尚未发生）

在正常语句的基础上时态倒推两格，“将来”变“过去”，将来虚拟口诀：if were to do..., would do.

03 对过去的幻想

正常：was/were/did

假设正常 I went there earlier, I met her.

If I had got there earlier, I would have met her.

如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）

在正常语句的基础上时态倒推一格，“过去”变“过去完成”，即过去虚拟口诀：if had done..., would have done.

【注意！】只有过去虚拟中有过去分词。

总结

熟记：“现在”变“过去”，“将来”变“过去”，“过去”变“过去完成”

综上，做虚拟语气选择题首先要根据句意判断是对哪个时态的虚拟，现在/将来/过去？再就是用上口诀啦！然后如果选项没有would，就找could/should/might。

习题

-It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.

-Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ____.

A. hadn't            B. haven't         

C. didn't            D. don't

看到从句有would have got过去完成时, 那只有对过去的虚拟有过去完成时, 口诀if had done..., would have done，所以A

If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ____ able to speak it much better now.

A. will be            B. would be     

C. has been        D. would have been

看句意照样是对过去的虚拟，大家想想过去虚拟的口诀是什么？自然就是选D

你掌握了吗？

欢迎仍有疑问的小伙伴继续提问~