好姑娘要光芒万丈

考前120秒,再理一遍虚拟语气

2017-06-15  本文已影响5人  41661e3ee320

虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示说话人的愿望、建议、要求、假设等。

根据语法功能,可以分成三类:

1.表示“某事应该(或必须)去做”;

2.表示假设或不可能实现的愿望;

3.表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止。

第一种情况

表示某事应该(或必须)去做

这一情况下常见的有下列四种句型:

1.主+suggest (propose/ urge/ order ...)that从句:

注意that从句里的的谓语动词也要用原形,或should加动词原形(should可以省略)。

e.g. I suggest that he start the research at once.

我建议他立刻开始这项调查。

2. It's necessary (important/ vital/ essential ...)that从句:

那么这里的that从句也要遵循上面提到的那条准则,即:从句的谓语动词用原形,或should加动词原形。

e.g. She said it was important that every member hand in his application by the weekend.

她之前说过,所有人这礼拜结束之前都必须提交申请。

这个例子很明显地告诉我们,就算主句的谓语动词是过去时,虚拟时态第二种句型要求下,从句的谓语动词仍要用原形。

3. It's (high) timethat从句:

这个句型超级常见对不对,这里一定要注意啦!

从句的谓语动词用过去时。

e.g. It's time that we began to work.

是时候开始工作啦。

4.主+would rather (would sooner/ would as soon/ would prefer)+从句:

这里,从句的谓语动词也要用过去时噢。

e.g. I would rather you went home now.

我宁愿你现在回家。

注意:

主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,如果相同的话,就要省略从句主语,would rather 后跟动词原形。

e.g. I would rather stay here.

此句型一般仅用来表示现在或将来的情况,我们一般不倾向于用此句型表示“过去未能实现的愿望”。

如果要表示过去的含义,如“你要是没说过这句话就好了!”我们可以用“wish” 和“if only”句型。

表示假设或不可能(或几乎不可能)实现的愿望的虚拟语气

这类虚拟语气主要有以下四种句型,分别用wish、if only和as if/ though 引导,并包括条件句中的虚拟语气:

1. wish+主+不可能的过去式

e.g. I wish you could drive a car.

The fact is that you can't drive a car. 对现在的虚拟用过去时。

2. if only+主+不可能的过去式

e.g. If only you had listened to me.

The fact is that you didn't listen to me. 对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。

3. as if/ as though+主+不可能的过去式

e.g. He looks as if he was/were a teacher.

The fact is that he is not a teacher.

4.条件句中的虚拟语气式

(1) 对现在、将来虚拟(从句用过去时,主句用would+V):

e.g. If you came on time tomorrow, she would invite you to dinner.

e.g. If I were you, I would accept the invitation.

(2) 对过去虚拟(从句用过去完成时,主句用would have+动词过去分词形式):

e.g. If you had come earlier, he would have told you the news.

表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止的虚拟语气

最后一种虚拟语气常用在感叹句中,其内容常涉及超自然的力量。这时谓语动词用动词原形,例如:

e.g. God save the Queen! 上帝保佑女皇!

e.g. Heaven help us! 天助我们!

e.g. God bless you! 上帝保佑你!

难点补充

If 的省略句: 在虚拟条件分句中,有时if可以省略,而把was/ were/ had或should移至主语之前,(was 移至句首时要改为were)。

如:

If he were/was to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

他如果把所有事都告诉我们,我们就能帮他解决问题。

改为:

Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

但如果从句中没有had/ should/ were/ was时,则不能这样做。

你比自己想象中更厉害!

四六级加油!

上一篇 下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读