剑18T4雅思大作文（人口老龄化）
In many countries, people are now living longer than ever before. Some people say an ageing population creates problems for governments. Other people think there are benefits if society has more elderly people. To what extent do the advantages of having an ageing population outweigh the disadvantages?
参考范文1
In numerous countries, the phenomenon of people living longer than ever before has become increasingly prevalent. This demographic shift, characterized by an ageing population, has sparked a heated debate regarding whether it brings more problems or benefits to governments and society as a whole.
On the one hand, an ageing population presents several challenges. Firstly, it places a significant strain on public healthcare systems. As the elderly are more prone to chronic illnesses and require long-term medical care, governments need to allocate a larger proportion of their budgets to healthcare services. This may lead to a reduction in funding for other essential areas such as education and infrastructure development. Secondly, a shrinking workforce is another consequence. With a growing number of retirees and a relatively smaller pool of young workers, there could be a shortage of labour in certain industries, potentially hampering economic growth.
On the other hand, there are also notable advantages. Elderly people often possess a wealth of experience and knowledge. They can serve as mentors and advisors, passing on their wisdom to younger generations. Moreover, they can contribute to society through volunteer work, community service, and participating in cultural activities, which helps to foster a sense of social cohesion. Additionally, the increased life expectancy reflects improvements in living standards and medical advancements, indicating a more prosperous and healthy society.
In conclusion, while an ageing population does bring about some difficulties, the benefits it offers should not be overlooked. Governments can take measures to mitigate the disadvantages, such as promoting active ageing and encouraging lifelong learning. Overall, I believe that the advantages of having an ageing population outweigh the disadvantages.
译文
在许多国家，人们比以往任何时候都更长寿的现象变得越来越普遍。这种以人口老龄化为特征的 demographic shift（人口结构变化）引发了一场关于它给政府和整个社会带来更多问题还是好处的激烈辩论。
一方面，人口老龄化带来了几个挑战。首先，它给公共医疗保健系统带来了巨大压力。由于老年人更容易患上慢性疾病，且需要长期医疗护理，政府需要将更大比例的预算分配给医疗保健服务。这可能会导致对教育、基础设施发展等其他重要领域的资金投入减少。其次，劳动力减少是另一个后果。随着退休人员数量的增加和年轻工人数量的相对减少，某些行业可能会出现劳动力短缺，从而可能阻碍经济增长。
另一方面，也有明显的优势。老年人往往拥有丰富的经验和知识。他们可以担任导师和顾问，将他们的智慧传授给年轻一代。此外，他们可以通过志愿工作、社区服务和参加文化活动为社会做出贡献，这有助于增强社会凝聚力。此外，预期寿命的增加反映了生活水平的提高和医学的进步，表明社会更加繁荣和健康。
总之，虽然人口老龄化确实带来了一些困难，但不应忽视它所带来的好处。政府可以采取措施减轻这些不利影响，例如促进积极老龄化和鼓励终身学习。总体而言，我认为人口老龄化的好处大于坏处。
雅思核心词汇
名词：
• phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ 现象
• demography /dɪˈmɒɡrəfi/ 人口统计（学）
• shift /ʃɪft/ 转变
• healthcare /ˈheltʃeər/ 医疗保健
• chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 慢性的
• illness /ˈɪlnəs/ 疾病
• budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ 预算
• workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ 劳动力
• retiree /ˌriːtaɪˈriː/ 退休人员
• consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ 后果
• shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ 短缺
• industry /ˈɪndəstri/ 行业
• growth /ɡrəʊθ/ 增长
• wealth /welθ/ 财富
• experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/ 经验
• knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ 知识
• mentor /ˈmentɔː(r)/ 导师
• advisor /ədˈvaɪzə(r)/ 顾问
• wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ 智慧
• generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ 一代
• volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ 志愿者
• service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ 服务
• activity /ækˈtɪvəti/ 活动
• cohesion /kəʊˈhiːʒn/ 凝聚力
• expectancy /ɪkˈspektənsi/ 预期
• living standard 生活水平
• advancement /ədˈvɑːnsmənt/ 进步
• prosperity /prɒˈsperəti/ 繁荣
• measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ 措施
• mitigation /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/ 减轻
• disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ 缺点
• active ageing 积极老龄化
• lifelong learning 终身学习
动词：
• allocate /ˈæləkeɪt/ 分配
• reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ 减少
• hamper /ˈhæmpə(r)/ 阻碍
• possess /pəˈzes/ 拥有
• serve /sɜːv/ 担任
• pass on 传递
• contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ 贡献
• foster /ˈfɒstə(r)/ 培养
• reflect /rɪˈflekt/ 反映
• improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 提高
• indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ 表明
• take measures 采取措施
• outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ 超过
形容词：
• prevalent /ˈprevələnt/ 普遍的
• significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ 重大的
• prone /prəʊn/ 易于……的
• long-term 长期的
• essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ 必要的
• shrinking /ˈʃrɪŋkɪŋ/ 缩小的
• relative /ˈrelətɪv/ 相对的
• notable /ˈnəʊtəbl/ 显著的
• wealthy /ˈwelθi/ 富有的
• prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/ 繁荣的
• healthy /ˈhelθi/ 健康的
副词：
• increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ 越来越
• overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ 总体上
雅思高分句型总结
1. 主语从句：“What is undeniable is that an ageing population brings both opportunities and challenges to governments.”
（不可否认的是，人口老龄化给政府带来了机遇和挑战。）
此句虽与原文略有不同，但结构类似，通过主语从句引出核心观点，增强句子气势。
2. 非谓语动词作状语：“With a growing number of retirees and a relatively smaller pool of young workers, there could be a shortage of labour in certain industries.”
（随着退休人员数量的增加和年轻工人数量的相对减少，某些行业可能会出现劳动力短缺。）
使用非谓语动词结构使句子更简洁流畅，表达逻辑关系。
3. 定语从句：“Elderly people, who often possess a wealth of experience and knowledge, can serve as mentors and advisors.”
（老年人往往拥有丰富的经验和知识，他们可以担任导师和顾问。）
定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，使句子内容更丰富。
4. 并列结构：“They can contribute to society through volunteer work, community service, and participating in cultural activities.”
（他们可以通过志愿工作、社区服务和参加文化活动为社会做出贡献。）
并列结构使句子层次清晰，内容全面。
5. 让步状语从句：“Although an ageing population presents some difficulties, the benefits it offers are substantial.”
（尽管人口老龄化带来了一些困难，但它所带来的好处是巨大的。）
让步状语从句先提出相反情况，再强调重点内容，增强论证力度。
参考范文2
In contemporary society, the phenomenon of an ageing population has become increasingly prevalent, sparking a debate over whether its advantages surpass its drawbacks. While some argue that an ageing demographic poses significant challenges for governments, others contend that it brings about numerous benefits to society. In my opinion, the disadvantages, though notable, are outweighed by the advantages.
On the one hand, an ageing population undoubtedly places a strain on public resources. Governments face escalating healthcare costs as the elderly require more medical attention and long-term care. Pension systems also come under pressure, threatening the financial sustainability of social security programs. Moreover, a shrinking workforce may impede economic growth, as fewer young people are available to fill job vacancies and drive innovation.
On the other hand, the benefits of having more elderly people in society should not be overlooked. Firstly, older individuals possess a wealth of experience and wisdom, which can be invaluable in mentoring younger generations and contributing to community cohesion. Secondly, many seniors remain active and engaged, participating in volunteer work and civic activities that enrich society. Furthermore, an ageing population can foster a greater emphasis on intergenerational solidarity, encouraging policies that promote social inclusion and welfare for all age groups.
In conclusion, while an ageing population presents certain challenges, its advantages, including the contribution of elderly people to social stability and intergenerational harmony, outweigh the disadvantages. Governments should therefore focus on implementing policies that harness the potential of older individuals while mitigating the associated costs.
译文：
在当今社会，老龄化人口现象日益普遍，引发了一场关于其利是否大于弊的争论。一些人认为老龄化人口给政府带来了重大挑战，而另一些人则认为它给社会带来了诸多好处。在我看来，尽管存在一些不利因素，但其优点更为显著。
一方面，老龄化人口无疑给公共资源带来了压力。随着老年人需要更多的医疗关注和长期护理，政府面临的医疗费用不断上升。养老金制度也受到压力，威胁到社会保障计划的财务可持续性。此外，劳动力减少可能阻碍经济增长，因为填补职位空缺和推动创新的年轻人减少。
另一方面，社会中有更多老年人的好处不容忽视。首先，老年人拥有丰富的经验和智慧，这对于指导年轻一代和促进社区凝聚力来说是无价的。其次，许多老年人仍然积极活跃，参与志愿工作和公民活动，为社会增添色彩。此外，老龄化人口可以促进对代际团结的更大重视，鼓励制定促进所有年龄组社会包容和福利的政策。
总之，尽管老龄化人口带来了某些挑战，但其优点，包括老年人对社会稳定和代际和谐的贡献，超过了其缺点。因此，政府应重点实施政策，以利用老年人的潜力，同时减轻相关成本。
雅思词伙：
1. Ageing population：老龄化人口
2. Spark a debate：引发争论
3. Place a strain on：给……带来压力
4. Escalating healthcare costs：不断上升的医疗费用
5. Come under pressure：受到压力
6. Financial sustainability：财务可持续性
7. Shrinking workforce：劳动力减少
8. Impede economic growth：阻碍经济增长
9. A wealth of experience and wisdom：丰富的经验和智慧
10. Mentor younger generations：指导年轻一代
11. Remain active and engaged：仍然积极活跃
12. Foster intergenerational solidarity：促进代际团结
13. Social inclusion and welfare：社会包容和福利
14. Outweigh the disadvantages：利大于弊
15. Harness the potential：利用潜力
