UITableView优化那点事
forkingdog关于UITableView优化的框架其实已经能够应用在一般的场景,且有蛮多的知识点供我们借鉴,借此站在巨人的肩膀上来分析一把。
至于UITableView的瓶颈在哪里,我相信网上随便一搜就能了解的大概,我这里顺便提供下信息点:
//罪魁祸首
tableView:cellForRowAtIndexPath:
tableView:heightForRowAtIndexPath:
框架同样根据这两个痛点给出了解决方案:
高度计算
fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:configuration方法
- (CGFloat)fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier configuration:(void (^)(id cell))configuration {
if (!identifier) {
return 0;
}
UITableViewCell *templateLayoutCell = [self fd_templateCellForReuseIdentifier:identifier];
// Manually calls to ensure consistent behavior with actual cells. (that are displayed on screen)
[templateLayoutCell prepareForReuse];
// Customize and provide content for our template cell.
if (configuration) {
configuration(templateLayoutCell);
}
return [self fd_systemFittingHeightForConfiguratedCell:templateLayoutCell];
}
这里先是通过调用fd_templateCellForReuseIdentifier:从dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier取出之后,如果需要做一些额外的计算,比如说计算cell高度, 可以手动调用 prepareForReuse方法,以确保与实际cell(显示在屏幕上)行为一致。接着执行configuration参数对Cell内容进行配置。最后通过调用fd_systemFittingHeightForConfiguratedCell:方法计算实际的高度并返回。
fd_systemFittingHeightForConfiguratedCell方法
- (CGFloat)fd_systemFittingHeightForConfiguratedCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell {
CGFloat contentViewWidth = CGRectGetWidth(self.frame);
// If a cell has accessory view or system accessory type, its content view's width is smaller
// than cell's by some fixed values.
if (cell.accessoryView) {
contentViewWidth -= 16 + CGRectGetWidth(cell.accessoryView.frame);
} else {
static const CGFloat systemAccessoryWidths[] = {
[UITableViewCellAccessoryNone] = 0,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryDisclosureIndicator] = 34,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryDetailDisclosureButton] = 68,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryCheckmark] = 40,
[UITableViewCellAccessoryDetailButton] = 48
};
contentViewWidth -= systemAccessoryWidths[cell.accessoryType];
}
// If not using auto layout, you have to override "-sizeThatFits:" to provide a fitting size by yourself.
// This is the same height calculation passes used in iOS8 self-sizing cell's implementation.
//
// 1. Try "- systemLayoutSizeFittingSize:" first. (skip this step if 'fd_enforceFrameLayout' set to YES.)
// 2. Warning once if step 1 still returns 0 when using AutoLayout
// 3. Try "- sizeThatFits:" if step 1 returns 0
// 4. Use a valid height or default row height (44) if not exist one
CGFloat fittingHeight = 0;
if (!cell.fd_enforceFrameLayout && contentViewWidth > 0) {
// Add a hard width constraint to make dynamic content views (like labels) expand vertically instead
// of growing horizontally, in a flow-layout manner.
NSLayoutConstraint *widthFenceConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:cell.contentView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:contentViewWidth];
[cell.contentView addConstraint:widthFenceConstraint];
// Auto layout engine does its math
fittingHeight = [cell.contentView systemLayoutSizeFittingSize:UILayoutFittingCompressedSize].height;
[cell.contentView removeConstraint:widthFenceConstraint];
[self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"calculate using system fitting size (AutoLayout) - %@", @(fittingHeight)]];
}
if (fittingHeight == 0) {
#if DEBUG
// Warn if using AutoLayout but get zero height.
if (cell.contentView.constraints.count > 0) {
if (!objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd)) {
NSLog(@"[FDTemplateLayoutCell] Warning once only: Cannot get a proper cell height (now 0) from '- systemFittingSize:'(AutoLayout). You should check how constraints are built in cell, making it into 'self-sizing' cell.");
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, _cmd, @YES, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
}
#endif
// Try '- sizeThatFits:' for frame layout.
// Note: fitting height should not include separator view.
fittingHeight = [cell sizeThatFits:CGSizeMake(contentViewWidth, 0)].height;
[self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"calculate using sizeThatFits - %@", @(fittingHeight)]];
}
// Still zero height after all above.
if (fittingHeight == 0) {
// Use default row height.
fittingHeight = 44;
}
// Add 1px extra space for separator line if needed, simulating default UITableViewCell.
if (self.separatorStyle != UITableViewCellSeparatorStyleNone) {
fittingHeight += 1.0 / [UIScreen mainScreen].scale;
}
return fittingHeight;
}
这里作者考虑到了如果Cell使用了accessory view或者使用了系统的accessory type,需要减掉相应的宽度。接着判断如果使用了AutoLayout,则使用iOS 6提供的systemLayoutSizeFittingSize方法获取高度。如果高度为0,则尝试使用Frame Layout的方式,调用重写的sizeThatFits方法进行获取。如果还是为0,则给出默认高度并返回。
Cell重用
fd_templateCellForReuseIdentifier方法
- (__kindof UITableViewCell *)fd_templateCellForReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
NSAssert(identifier.length > 0, @"Expect a valid identifier - %@", identifier);
NSMutableDictionary<NSString *, UITableViewCell *> *templateCellsByIdentifiers = objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd);
if (!templateCellsByIdentifiers) {
templateCellsByIdentifiers = @{}.mutableCopy;
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, _cmd, templateCellsByIdentifiers, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
UITableViewCell *templateCell = templateCellsByIdentifiers[identifier];
if (!templateCell) {
templateCell = [self dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:identifier];
NSAssert(templateCell != nil, @"Cell must be registered to table view for identifier - %@", identifier);
templateCell.fd_isTemplateLayoutCell = YES;
templateCell.contentView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
templateCellsByIdentifiers[identifier] = templateCell;
[self fd_debugLog:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"layout cell created - %@", identifier]];
}
return templateCell;
}
这里通过dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier方法从队列中获取templateCell,并通过fd_isTemplateLayoutCell属性标识其只用来充当模板计算,并不真正进行呈现,最后通过关联对象的方式进行存取。
注意:这里通过dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier进行获取,也就意味着你必须对指定的Identifier先进行注册,注册可以通过以下三中方法:
1.使用storyboard中的Cell原型
2.使用registerNib:forCellReuseIdentifier:
3.使用registerClass:forCellReuseIdentifier:
到这里最重要的几个方法已经讲完了,除此之外框架还针对获取的高度进行了缓存。缓存的方式分为两种 :
1.根据IndexPath进行缓存(fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:cacheByIndexPath:configuration)
2.根据实体的唯一标识符进行缓存(fd_heightForCellWithIdentifier:cacheByKey:configuration)
总结:
UITableView优化方案其实还有很多,不同的场景选用不同的方案,实现效果达到预期,这才是我么最终的目标。我这里简单介绍下其他的优化的细节:
1.复杂界面的时候,我们可以尝试异步手动进行绘制。
2.针对超出屏幕的Cell进行预缓存
3.存在大量图片的时候,只针对目标范围内的图片进行异步加载并缓存结果。
4.设置Views/Layers为不透明。