atomic

atomic用于保证属性setter、getter的原子性操作，相当于在getter和setter内部加了线程同步的锁
可以参考源码objc4的objc-accessors.mm
它并不能保证使用属性的过程是线程安全的

atomic 耗性能

底层源码，最后实现

相当于在getter和setter内部加了线程同步的锁

static inline void reallySetProperty(id self, SEL _cmd, id newValue, ptrdiff_t offset, bool atomic, bool copy, bool mutableCopy)
{
    if (offset == 0) {
        object_setClass(self, newValue);
        return;
    }

    id oldValue;
    id *slot = (id*) ((char*)self + offset);

    if (copy) {
        newValue = [newValue copyWithZone:nil];
    } else if (mutableCopy) {
        newValue = [newValue mutableCopyWithZone:nil];
    } else {
        if (*slot == newValue) return;
        newValue = objc_retain(newValue);
    }

    if (!atomic) {
        oldValue = *slot;
        *slot = newValue;
    } else {
        spinlock_t& slotlock = PropertyLocks[slot];
        slotlock.lock();
        oldValue = *slot;
        *slot = newValue;        
        slotlock.unlock();
    }

    objc_release(oldValue);
}

nonatomic

反之