第十一单元：感叹句
我们已经学习了肯定句、否定句和疑问句，英语的四大基本句型中还剩下感叹句。 与中文相同的是，英语的感叹句也是以感叹号结尾，作用是强调感情色彩。
一般而言，感叹句所传达的感情色彩要比very, so等副词更强。 与中文不同的是，英文的感叹句是通过句子结构的调整来实现的，而中文则是通过“啊”、“呀”等感叹词实现的。
英文感叹句主要有两种结构形式。一种是以What开头，一种以How开头。
What
一
自然推理
研读下方三组例句，推理出What感叹句的结构。
1.
He is a very kind person.
What a kind person he is!
2.
They are very good students.
What good students they are!
3.
She is really tall.
What a tall girl she is!
隐藏答案
1. 结构为：What+名词短语+主谓结构
2.
因为感叹句本身已经具有非常强烈的感情色彩了，所以句中不再使用very, so等修饰词。
3. What
之后加的语块必然是名词短语！且要辨清单复数或不可数情况。
二
有意才有形
这句话是否能用What感叹句来表达？
He works very hard.
表面上看，似乎找不到名词短语，无法满足“What感叹句中必有名词短语”的规则。但英语语法讲究“先意后形”，我们应从表意入手，再考虑结构形式。
上句的意思是“他工作很努力”。假设他是学生，同样的意思完全可以说成“他是一个非常努力的学生”，如此就有所谓的“名词短语”了。
英文可以说：
He is a hardworking student. (hardworking
努力的)
感叹句就是：
What a hardworking student he is!
三
缩略形式
在一定的语境下，我们可以采用What感叹句的缩略形式而不会产生歧义。比如：
1. What a kind person he is! → What a
kind person!
2. What good students they are! → What good students!
3. What a tall girl she is! → What a tall girl!
4. What a hardworking student he is! → What a hardworking student!
☞ 结论：What感叹句可省略“主谓”部分！
四
实践
将下列句子改为What感叹句：
1. He is really a slow learner.
2. She is a very brave girl.
3. They are really tall buildings.
4. It is a very great painting.
5. They are really helpful. (they
指guides)
生词：
1. slow /sləu/ 慢的
2. learner
学习者
3. brave /breiv/
勇敢的
4. building /’bildiŋ/
建筑
5. painting /’peintiŋ/
油画、水彩画
6. guide /gaid/
导游，指南手册
7. helpful /’helpful/
有帮助的
隐藏答案
1. What a slow learner he is!
2. What a brave girl she is!
3. What tall buildings they are!
4. What a great painting it is!
5. What helpful guides they are!
How
一
自然推理
研读下方三组例句，推理出How感叹句的结构。
1.
He is a very kind person.
How kind he is!
2.
They are very good students.
How good they are!
3.
He speaks really fast!
How fast he speaks!
隐藏答案
1. 结构为：How + adj./adv. + 主谓结构
2.
因为感叹句本身已经具有非常强烈的感情色彩了，所以句中不再使用very, really等修饰词。
3. How
之后的语块必然是adj./adv.！比如How kind person he is！就是错误的！虽然kind是adj.，但kind person才是语块，该语块是名词性的，而非adj./adv.！
二
缩略形式
在一定的语境下，我们可以采用How感叹句的缩略形式而不会产生歧义。比如：
1. What a kind person he is! → How kind!
2. What good students they are! → How good!
3. What a tall girl she is! → How tall!
4. What a hardworking student he is! → How hardworking!
☞ 结论：How感叹句可省略“主谓”部分！
三
实践
将下列句子改为How感叹句：
1. He runs really fast.
2. She walks very slowly.
3. It is really interesting.
4. That is so exciting!
5. They are really new!
生词：
1. run /rʌn/ 跑
2. walk /wɔ:lk/
走路
3. slowly
慢地
4. interesting /’intristiŋ/
有趣的
5. exciting /ik’saitiŋ/
令人兴奋的
6. new /nju:/
新的
隐藏答案
1. How fast he runs!
2. How slowly she walks!
3. How interesting it is!
4. How exciting that is!
5. How new they are!
词法：后缀
-ing是英语中一个较为常见的后缀。它有两种基本作用：
1.
将动词变为名词
build 建造 → building
paint
（用油或颜料）画画→ painting
2. 将动词变为形容词
excite 使激动 → exciting
interest
使感兴趣；兴趣→ interesting
