达尔文错了吗？——老夏考研每日一题（37））

“creationism”含义为神创论，即上帝创造万物。与之相对的便是evolutionism或Darwinism。达尔文作为伟大的生物学家（biologist），在考试试题中经常出现。

老夏考研“每日一题”选自《科学美国人》文章标题为“Was Darwin Wrong?”（达尔文错了吗？）

今天给一个超级有趣、有难度的完形填空。若做对，点赞自己。

【题目】空缺部分需要填入的小品词是什么？ 

[A] beyond.

[B]behind.

[C] over.

[D] across.

【试题】

①Horizontal gene transfer, the other discovery on which Quammen focuses, arguably does pose a challenge to conventional evolutionary theory. ②It involves different species passing genes directly to each other, usually via bacterial or viral infections. ③Tentative evidence for horizontal gene transfer emerged almost a century ago, but only in the past few decades have biologists recognized its influence on the evolution of multicellular organisms as well as Archaea and bacteria. ④Horizontal gene transfer, Quammen asserts, “has overturned the traditional certitude that genes flow only vertically, from parents to offspring, and can’t be traded sideways _______ species boundaries.” ⑤Evolution has always been depicted by what Darwin called a “great tree,” with countless branches, representing different species, diverging from a common ancestor. ⑥The tree metaphor, it turns out, is inaccurate, or incomplete. ⑦Some branches are “tangled,” linked, by genes jumping from one species to another through horizontal gene transfer.

【参考译文】

①Horizontal gene transfer, the other discovery on which Quammen focuses, arguably does pose a challenge to conventional evolutionary theory. Quammen关注的另一项发现（横向基因转移）可以认为是对传统的进化理论提出了挑战。

②It involves different species passing genes directly to each other, usually via bacterial or viral infections. 它包括不同物种之间的基因直接传递，通常是通过细菌或病毒感染。

③Tentative evidence for horizontal gene transfer emerged almost a century ago, but only in the past few decades have biologists recognized its influence on the evolution of multicellular organisms as well as Archaea and bacteria. 横向基因转移的初步证据几乎100年前就出现了，但生物学家只是在过去几十年才认识到它对多细胞生物以及古生菌和细菌进化的影响。

④Horizontal gene transfer, Quammen asserts, “has overturned the traditional certitude that genes flow only vertically, from parents to offspring, and can’t be traded sideways _______ species boundaries.” Quammen断言说，横向基因转移“已经推翻了某种传统的确信观点，即基因只是垂直流动，从父母遗传给后代，而不会跨越物种边界进行横向交换。”

⑤Evolution has always been depicted by what Darwin called a “great tree,” with countless branches, representing different species, diverging from a common ancestor. 进化一直被达尔文描述成为一棵“大树”，有无数的分支，代表不同的物种，来自于一个共同的祖先。

⑥The tree metaphor, it turns out, is inaccurate, or incomplete. 结果发现，这个树的比喻不精确且不完善。

⑦Some branches are “tangled,” linked, by genes jumping from one species to another through horizontal gene transfer. 把有些树枝“纠缠在一起”，联系在一起的是通过横向基因转移从一个物种跳跃到另外一个物种的基因。

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达尔文错了吗？——老夏考研每日一题（37））

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