Flutter

Flutter TextField详解

2019-07-31  本文已影响11人  锐心凌志

实现TextField说简单也简单,说有坑,坑也不小,下面从易到难介绍一下使用

1.最简单的就是无参数调用构造方法:

TextField()

2.光有输入框还不行,还得获取其中的内容,所以需要传递controller:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
  Widget buildTextField(TextEditingController controller) {
    return TextField(
      controller: controller,
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final controller = TextEditingController();
    controller.addListener(() {
      print('input ${controller.text}');
    });
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('TextField'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
        child: buildTextField(controller),
      ),
    );
  }
}

我通过给controller添加通知来获取TextField的值,这种使用场景不一定合适,更多的时候是在点击按钮的时候直接读取controller.text的值

3.另外TextFiled还有一下小的属性:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
  Widget buildTextField(TextEditingController controller) {
    return TextField(
      controller: controller,
      maxLength: 30,//最大长度,设置此项会让TextField右下角有一个输入数量的统计字符串
      maxLines: 1,//最大行数
      autocorrect: true,//是否自动更正
      autofocus: true,//是否自动对焦
      obscureText: true,//是否是密码
      textAlign: TextAlign.center,//文本对齐方式
      style: TextStyle(fontSize: 30.0, color: Colors.blue),//输入文本的样式
      inputFormatters: [WhitelistingTextInputFormatter.digitsOnly],//允许的输入格式
      onChanged: (text) {//内容改变的回调
        print('change $text');
      },
      onSubmitted: (text) {//内容提交(按回车)的回调
        print('submit $text');
      },
      enabled: true,//是否禁用
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final controller = TextEditingController();
    controller.addListener(() {
      print('input ${controller.text}');
    });
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('TextField'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
        child: buildTextField(controller),
      ),
    );
  }
}

4.接着我还能显示placeholder

decoration可以给TextField添加装饰

TextField(
      decoration:
          InputDecoration(fillColor: Colors.blue.shade100, filled: true, labelText: 'Hello'),
    );

fillColor设置填充颜色,labelText设置标签文字,这个标签在没有输入的时候是占满输入框的,当输入聚焦以后,就会缩小到输入框左上角:

image image
TextField(
      decoration: InputDecoration(
          fillColor: Colors.blue.shade100, filled: true, hintText: 'Hello', errorText: 'error'),
    );

hintText就是普通的placeholder,输入后就不显示了,errorText是错误提示

5.还能显示一些别的装饰

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
  Widget buildTextField() {
    return TextField(
      decoration: InputDecoration(
          fillColor: Colors.blue.shade100,
          filled: true,
          helperText: 'help',
          prefixIcon: Icon(Icons.local_airport),
          suffixText: 'airport'),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('TextField'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
        child: buildTextField(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

image

6.这些还不过瘾,我不喜欢这个安卓风格的下面的装饰线,我想变成圆角矩形的边框

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
  Widget buildTextField() {
    return TextField(
      decoration: InputDecoration(
          contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
          border: OutlineInputBorder(
            borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.0),
//            borderSide: BorderSide(color: Colors.red, width: 3.0, style: BorderStyle.solid)//没什么卵效果
          )),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('TextField'),
      ),
      body: Container(
        color: Colors.blue.shade100,
        child: Padding(
          padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
          child: buildTextField(),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

image

7.改变装饰线颜色

无论是下面的装饰线,还是矩形边框装饰线,对焦后显示的颜色,都是主题颜色的primaryColor,失去焦点以后就是黑色,这显然不能满足自定义的需求,但是通过各种努力发现,改变边框颜色很困难,最后发现了这个答案:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49600139/how-to-change-textfield-underline-color

所以正确的设置边框颜色的方式是这样的:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
  Widget buildTextField() {
    return Theme(
      data: new ThemeData(primaryColor: Colors.red, hintColor: Colors.blue),
      child: TextField(
        decoration: InputDecoration(
            contentPadding: EdgeInsets.all(10.0),
            border: OutlineInputBorder(
              borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.0),
//            borderSide: BorderSide(color: Colors.red, width: 3.0, style: BorderStyle.solid)//没什么卵效果
            )),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('TextField'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
        child: buildTextField(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

image

8.改变边框的粗细

这些TextField的decoration彻底不能满足要求了,需要重构成这种方式:


import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

class TextFieldPage extends StatelessWidget {
  Widget buildTextField() {
    return Container(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
      alignment: Alignment.center,
      height: 60.0,
      decoration: new BoxDecoration(
          color: Colors.blueGrey,
          border: new Border.all(color: Colors.black54, width: 4.0),
          borderRadius: new BorderRadius.circular(12.0)),
      child: new TextFormField(
        decoration: InputDecoration.collapsed(hintText: 'hello'),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text('TextField'),
      ),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30.0),
        child: buildTextField(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

image

InputDecoration.collapsed可以禁用装饰线,而是使用外面包围的Container的装饰线

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