6.2翻译材料：美国对盟友征收关税
6.2翻译材料：美国对盟友征收关税
The US has fired the opening shot in a trade war with three of its biggest trading partners by levying tariffs on imports of steel and aluminium from the EU, Canada and Mexico.
美国对三个最大的贸易伙伴打响了贸易战的第一枪，宣布开始对来自欧盟、加拿大和墨西哥的钢铝产品征收进口关税。
The decision to impose tariffs from today on imports from longstanding US allies on national security grounds sets the stage for a round of tit-for-tat tariffs among some of the world’s largest economies just days ahead of a meeting of G7 leaders in Canada.
以国家安全为由对美国的长期盟友自即日起征收关税的决定，为世界上一些最大的经济体之间针锋相对地开征关税搭起了舞台。就在几天后，七国集团(G7)领导人将在加拿大开会。
Jean-Claude Juncker, the European Commission president, said the EU would go ahead with plans to impose its own duties on US products such as motorcycles and peanut butter. “This is a bad day for world trade,” he said.
欧盟委员会(European Commission)主席让-克洛德•容克(Jean-Claude Juncker)表示，欧盟将实施对摩托车和花生酱等美国产品征收关税的计划。“对世界贸易来说，今天是糟糕的一天。”他说。
France’s finance minister warned that the EU would have no choice but to “enter a trade war” against the US. “Our US friends must know that if they were to take aggressive actions against Europe, Europe would not be without reaction,” said Bruno Le Maire, who met Wilbur Ross, the US commerce secretary, in Paris.
法国财长警告称，欧盟将别无选择，只能同美国“打一场贸易战”。“我们的美国朋友必须知道，如果他们要对欧洲采取咄咄逼人的行动，欧洲将不会没有反应。”布鲁诺•勒梅尔(Bruno Le Maire，上图左)表示。他在巴黎会晤了美国商务部长威尔伯•罗斯(Wilbur Ross)。
Mexico said it would impose its own retaliatory tariffs on a range of products, from US steel to pork, apples, grapes and blueberries. Canada was expected to take its own measures.
墨西哥表示，将对美国钢铁、猪肉、苹果、葡萄和蓝莓等一系列产品征收报复性关税。预计加拿大也将采取措施（加拿大方面称，将对美国的钢铝产品以及日用消费品等征收报复性附加关税，总价值约为128亿美元，编者注）。
“This marks a significant escalation [by the US and] the first big shot in the long-feared trade war,” said Edward Alden, senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations in Washington.
“这标志着（美国发起的）一个显著升级，也是人们担心了很久的贸易战的第一枪。”华盛顿美国外交关系委员会(Council on Foreign Relations)高级研究员爱德华•奥尔登(Edward Alden)表示。
The moves came after Mr Ross said that EU talks in recent months had gone nowhere and that discussions with Canada and Mexico to update the North American Free Trade Agreement were taking too long. The duties of 25 per cent on steel and 10 per cent on aluminium were announced in March as part of a crackdown by the US on China and its flooding of cheap metals into global markets.
此举出炉之前，罗斯表示，近几个月与欧盟的会谈一筹莫展，而与加拿大和墨西哥就更新《北美自由贸易协定》(NAFTA)而举行的讨论进展太慢。最初在3月份宣布的25%钢铁进口关税和10%铝关税，是美国发起的行动的一部分，目的是打击中国及其向全球市场大量销售廉价金属的行为。
But yesterday’s events highlighted how Mr Trump’s efforts to take a harder line on China have ended up damaging even larger economic relationships with traditional allies such as the EU and its Nafta partners.
但昨日的事件突显出，特朗普对中国采取更强硬立场的努力，到头来如何损害美国与欧盟以及NAFTA伙伴等传统盟友之间更大的经贸关系。
Chad Bown, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, said very little impact was being felt by China from the Trump metals tariffs, given that China’s exports of steel and aluminium to the US were now negligible. “This is primarily now only attacking our economic and military allies,” he said.
彼得森国际经济研究所(PIIE)高级研究员查德•鲍恩(Chad Bown)表示，考虑到中国现在对美国的钢铁和铝出口可以忽略不计，中国受特朗普钢铝关税的影响很小。“此举现在主要打击我们的经济和军事盟友。”他表示。
Total US trade with the EU was worth almost $720bn last year, compared with the $636bn in trade that US companies did with China. Its trade with Canada and Mexico was worth more than $1.1tn. Those relationships are likely to be tested further. Last week, the Trump administration launched a national security investigation into imports of cars and parts with a view to imposing a 25 per cent tariff that threatens Asian and European producers.
去年美国与欧盟的贸易总额近7200亿美元，而美国企业与中国的贸易总额为6360亿美元。美国与加拿大和墨西哥的贸易总额超过1.1万亿美元。那些关系可能会受到进一步考验。上周，特朗普政府启动了针对汽车和部件进口的国家安全调查，可能对亚洲和欧洲生产商征收25%的关税。
After meeting Robert Lighthizer, the US trade representative, Cecilia Malmstrom, the EU trade commissioner, and Japan’s Hiroshige Seko warned that the US was putting the entire global trading system at risk with its car move. “This could lead to the demise of the multilateral trading system based on [World Trade Organization] rules,” they said.
在会晤美国贸易代表罗伯特•莱特希泽(Robert Lighthizer)后，欧盟贸易专员塞西莉亚•马尔姆斯特伦(Cecilia Malmstrom)和日本经济产业大臣世耕弘成(Hiroshige Seko)警告称，美国对汽车业展开的调查将整个全球贸易体系置于风险之中。“这可能导致基于（世界贸易组织(WTO)）规则的多边贸易体系消亡。”他们表示。
