翻译|如何在六个月内学会一门新的语言

这篇译文来自于darlingtolivefully.com，作者是Marelisa，这篇文章是作者在看了Chris Lonsdale的TED演讲后做的一个总结。Chris的演讲是我在跑步的时候听到的，听完后觉得文章内容很有意思，作者分享的关于语言学习的观点很有启发，所以就去网上找到了这篇文章，翻译出来分析给大家，和大家一起学习。

目录：

1.前言

2.五个原则

3.7个方法

一.前言

Chris Lonsdale is a psychologist from New Zealand who runs a company in Hong Kong. He’s been interested in accelerated learning his whole life. After spending many years assessing all of the research available on language learning, he was able to formulate five principles and seven actions that will allow any normal adult to learn a new language and speak it fluently in six months.

Chris Lonsdale 是一位来自于新西兰的心理学家，在香港运营着一家公司。他的一生都在研究加速学习。在花了许多年评估所有手边的关于语言学习的研究后，他得出5条原则和7个方法，可以让一个正常的成年人在6个月内快速学会一门新的语言并流畅表达。

I discovered Lonsdale’s approach when I came acrosshis TED Talk. Below you’ll discover Lonsdale’s five principles and seven action steps for learning a new language in just six month.

当我在YouTube看他的TED演讲视频的时候发现了Longsdale的方法。以下就是Lonsdal的在仅仅6个月内学会一门新的语言的5个原则和7个步骤。

Chris Lonsdale的TED演讲视频

二.五个原则

The Five Principles

Lonsdale’s five principles of rapid language acquisition are the following:

Lonsdale五个快速语言学习的原则如下：

1.关心那些和你相关的语言内容

1. Focus on language content that is relevant to you.

Why do you want to learn to speak a second language? Look at the following:

你为什么要学习新的语言，看看下面的原因：

Do you want to learn Italian so that you can understand opera? If so, then concentrate on words and phrases that you would hear in Puccini’s operas.

你学习语言是为了欣赏歌剧？如果是这样，那就专注于你会在普契尼（意大利歌剧作曲家）的歌剧里听到的语言吧。

Do you want to learn to speak Mandarin so that you can communicate with your business partners in China? Then focus on learning words and phrases in Mandarin that are related to business.

你想学会普通话那你就可以和中国生意上的伙伴交流？那就专心学习普通话里和生意相关的词汇和习语吧。

使要学习得语言和自己产生关联

2.把新的语言当做交流的工具

2. Use the new language as a tool to communicate.

Instead of simply learning the language in an academic setting, put yourself in situations which force you to use the language in order to be able to communicate with others.

与其简单的为了考试和学习语言，把你自己放到为了和别人交流必须要用语言的环境中吧。

3.当你第一次理解信息的时候，你会无意识地习得语言

3. When you first understand the message, you will unconsciously acquire the language.

When you’re first trying to learn a new language, instead of trying to understand the words that someone is using to talk to you, try to understand what they’re trying to say through their gestures, body language, and facial expressions.

当你第一次尝试学习一门新的语言时，与其努力弄明白那个和你交谈的人说的话，不如努力通过他们的手势、肢体语言、面部表情去理解他们说的话。

That is, at first you don’t derive meaning from the language, but from the interaction. This is something called comprehensional input, and it’s been well documented.

那样的意思是说，你首先不从语言中得到意思，而是从交流中。这被称为理解输入，已经被记录在文章中了。

4.学习语言不知是习得知识，许多方面是生理的训练

4. Learning a language is not about acquiring knowledge. Instead, in many ways it’s about physiological training.

First of all, we have filters in our brains that filter in sounds that we’re familiar with, and that filter out sounds that we’re not familiar with. And if we can’t hear it, we won't understand it and if we can't undertstand it, we are not going to learn it. Therefore, you have to continually listen to the sounds of the language that you’re trying to learn in order to train your brain to let in the new sounds.

首先，我们大脑里有滤网，会过滤出那些我们熟悉的声音，剔除掉我们不熟悉的声音。如果我们听不到的话，我们就没法理解，没法理解，是无法学会的。因此，为了使你的大脑能听进去新的声音，你必须持续地听你想要学习的语言。

In addition, talking requires using your facial muscles. You have 43 muscles in your face. You have to coordinate those muscles in a way that makes sounds that others can understand

另外，交流需要运用你的面部肌肉。你脸上有43条肌肉。你必须要找到一个方法让这些肌肉协调起来，以产生让别人可以听懂的声音。

5.心理状态很重要

5. Your psychological state matters.

If you’re sad, angry, worried, or upset, you’re not going to learn the new language. If you’re happy, relaxed, and curious, you’re going to learn the new language quickly. In addition, you need to be tolerant of ambiguity. At first when people speak to you in the language that you’re trying to learn, you’ll understand very little. But that’s OK.

如果你带着悲伤、愤怒、担心和沮丧的情绪，是学不会新的语言的。如果你是开心的，放松的，好奇的，你可以快速学会一门语言。另外，你需要忍受模糊，起初，当人们用你正在学习语言和你交谈的时候，你只能理解一点点。但那没关系。

If you're one of those people who needs to understand 100% every word you're hearing, you will go nuts, because you'll be incredibly upset all the time, because you're not perfect. If you're comfortable with getting some, not getting some, just paying attention to what you do understand, you're going to be fine, you'll be relaxed and you'll be learning quickly.

如果你是那些想百分之百理解听到的每个词的意思的人中的一份子，那你会疯的，因为你会一直非常沮丧，因为你不完美。如果你对于理解一些舒服的话，不是理解一些，只关注那些你理解的内容，你会很好，并且比较放松，可以快速地学习。

三.七个方法

The Seven Actions

Based on the five principles that were explained above, there are seven actions that you need to take in order to learn a new language quickly and efficiently. The seven actions which Lonsdale recommends are the following:

基于以上五个原则，为了快速有效地学会一门新的语言，你需要7个方法。Lonsdale推荐的七个方法如下：

1.大量地听

1. Listen; a lot.

Lonsdale calls this brain soaking. It doesn’t matter if at first you don’t understand what you’re listening to. You’re listening to recognize patterns, words that repeat, and things that stand out. In addition, you’re listening to the rhythm of the language.

Lonsdale把这称为泡脑子。起初对于你是不是理解所听到的内容，并没有关系。你正在听可以识别的模式，重复的词，突出的内容。另外，你在听语言的韵律。

2.先理解意图

2. Focus on getting the meaning first, even before you get the words.

From body language you can understand a lot of communication. You’ll be acquiring the language through comprehensional input.

通过肢体语言你可以理解大量的对话，你会通过理解输入学习语言。

3.开始混合

3. Start mixing.

If you know ten verbs, ten nouns, and ten adjectives in the new language, you can say 1000 different things. Language is a creative process. Look for ways to get your meaning across by using the words that you know.

如果你掌握了新的语言里的10个动词，10个名词，10个形容词，你可以说出1000个不同的句子。语言是创造的过程。找到运用你掌握的词来表达你的意思的方法。

4.专注于核心

4. Focus on the core.

With every language there’s high frequency content. As an illustration, in English, one thousand words cover 85% of anything you’re going to say in daily life. Three-thousand words give you 98% coverage. All the other words in the English language are the icing on the cake.

每种语言都有高频的内容。如图所示，在英语中，1000词就能覆盖你在日常生活中85%要表达的内容。3000个词能覆盖98%的内容。所有其他的词汇都是低频的。

5.找一位语言监护人

5. Get a language parent.

When you start learning a language your progress will probably look like the following:

当你学习一门语言时，学习过程可能会如以下所示：

Week 1: Continually ask “What is this?”, “How do you say . . .”, “Can you say that again?”, “Can you repeat that?” Always ask these questions in the language that you’re trying to learn.

第一周：持续地问：“这是什么？”，“你怎么表达....","你能再重复一遍吗？"，“你能重复以下那句话吗？”，始终用你正学习的语言问这些问题。

Week 2 and 3: You should be using very simple nouns, verbs, and pronouns (“you”, “me”, “that”, “hot”, “give”, and so on).

第2周和第3周：你可以用非常简单的名词，动词和代词（你，我，那个，热的，给予，等等）。

Week 4: You’re using glue words, such as “and”, “but”, “even though”, “therefore”, and so on. These words tie bits of language together so that you can make more complex meaning. At this point you’re talking in the new language.

第四周：使用连接词，如“和”，“但是”，“即使”，“因此”，等等。这些词将语言片段连接起来，那样就可以有更复杂的意思。在这样层面，你正在使用新的语言交流。

This is where you want to get a language parent. That is, someone who will treat you like a parent treats their child when the child is learning to speak. This language parent can recognize what you’re saying, even when others don’t understand. They create a safe environment for you, which makes you more confident in your ability to learn the new language.

这个阶段就是你需要语言家长的时候。那是说，某人可以像家长对待正在学习语言的孩子那样对待你。语言家长可以知道你说什么，即使其他人不理解你。他们给你创造一个安全的环境，可以让你对学习新的语言的能力更自信。

The four rules for a language parent are the following:

对于语言家长的四条原则如下：

They will work hard to understand what you’re trying to say.

他们要努力弄明白你表达的意思。

They don’t correct your mistakes.

他们不纠正你的错误。

They confirm understanding by using correct language.

他们用正确的语言确认他们的理解。

They use words that you know and also communicate with gestures and body language.

他们用你理解的语言交流，也用手势和肢体语言。

6.复制面部

6. Copy the face.

In order to learn to make the sounds that will allow you to speak the new language, you have to watch the face of people who speak that language. How does their face move when they’re speaking? Mimic their facial movements.

为了能让你用新的语言发出声音，你必须注意那些说说那种语言的人的面部。（主要是口部动作）。当他们表达的时候，脸部肌肉是如何运动的。模仿他们面部的运动。

7.直接与大脑中图像相连

7. “Direct Connect” to mental images.

Most people learning to speak another language will make a list of words that they want to learn in their mother tongue, and next to each word they’ll place the equivalent in the language that they’re trying to learn. Then they just go over the list repeatedly in the hopes of memorizing the words in the new language. This is very inefficient.

大多数人学习另一门语言时，会用母语制作一个他们想学习的词的清单，在每个词旁用新的语言写出对应的词。他们反复浏览那个清单，希望能记住新的语言的单词。这是非常低效的。

我们就是这样背单词的

Everything that you know is an image inside your mind. For example, if you talk about fire you can smell the smoke, feel the heat, hear the crackling, and see the flames. What you want to do is to focus on the image that’s currently in your head for “fire” and create a new pathway that leads from this image to the word “fire” in the language that you’re trying to learn.

所有你知道的在大脑里都是一张图片。例如，如果你谈论火，你可以闻到烟的气味，感到热，听到噼啪声，看到火焰。你想要做的是专注于大脑里火焰的图像，在听到“fire”的时候，创造一条路径和那个火焰图像相连。

直接让fire和火的图片连接

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