使用Nginx + Node.js部署你的网站
2016-12-29 本文已影响3172人
忽如寄
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器（反向代理就是通常所说的web服务器加速，它是一种通过在繁忙的web服务器和internet之间增加一个高速的web缓冲服务器来降低实际的web服务器的负载），Nginx由俄罗斯程序员利用C语言开发，以稳定、低系统资源消耗闻名，腾讯、百度、阿里、京东、网易等均有部署使用。此外，在高连接并发的情况下，Nginx是Apache的不错替代品，其能够支持高达50000个并发连接数的响应。
一、Nginx在Linux下的安装
1、编译工具和库文件的安装
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
2、prce的安装
以下假设我们安装在src文件夹中
下载：
[root@bogon src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
解压：
[root@bogon src]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
安装：
cd pcre-8.35
./configure
make && make install
3、Nginx的安装
下载：
[root@bogon src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
安装：
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make
[root@bogon nginx-1.6.2]# make install
最后进入响应的目录执行nginx可执行文件即可。
二、Nginx在Windows下的安装
Windows下只需要下载解压即可使用，下载地址http://nginx.org/en/download.html
运行nginx.exe，即可启动服务，在浏览器中打开可看到以下画面，这说明Nginx已经运行起来了。
三、Nginx的配置
要运行起自己的网站我们还需要对Nginx做一些配置，在nginx文件夹的子文件夹conf下的nginx.config文件就是Nginx的配置文件，其文件内容如下：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
#显然代表注释，以下是这些配置的一些说明
#使员工Nginx的用户名
#user nobody;
#cpu数，一般设置成和服务器的cpu数一致
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#进程id
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
#设置mime类型，类型由mime.type文件定义
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#设定日志格式
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
#sendfile指令指定Nginx是否调用sendfile函数（zero copy方式）来输出文件，对于普通应用，必须设定为on，如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用，可设置为off，以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度，降低系统的uptime
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#设置超时时间
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#是否开启gzip压缩（网页速度优化非常有用，开启后通常可以达到70%的压缩率）
#gzip on;
server {
#侦听端口
listen 80;
#域名
server_name localhost;
#编码设置
#charset koi8-r;
#设定虚拟主机的访问日志
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#默认请求
location / {
#默认网站的根目录
root html;
#首页索引文件的名称
index index.html index.htm;
}
#定义错误提示页面，你还可以在这里添加500,403等，以空格分开
#error_page 404 /404.html;
#重定向
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#定义错误提示页面
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
四、Nginx + Node.js部署
在Nginx中添加一个server类，如下：
server {
listen 80;
#域名
server_name huruji3.com www.huruji3.com;
location / {
#node.js应用的端口
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
root blog;
}
#静态文件交给Nginx直接处理
location ~ *^.+\.(css | js | txt | swf | mp4)$ {
root E:\huruji\blog\wechat_v1.1\public;
access_log off;
expires 24h;
}
}
当然，我们为了最大化的利用域名，我们有时需要更多的使用二级域名，以运行更多的应用，同样我们只要再添加一个类：
server {
listen 80;
#域名
server_name blog.huruji3.com;
location / {
#node.js应用的端口
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3001;
root blog;
}
#静态文件交给Nginx直接处理
location ~ *^.+\.(css | js | txt | swf | mp4)$ {
root E:\huruji\blog\wechat_v1.1\public;
access_log off;
expires 24h;
}
}
这里说明一下，我们利用二级域名是一种充分利用的域名资源的方法，同样利用路径也可以，这和使用的服务器内部采用的映射方式有关，比如院网和工作室网站对外表现就是不同的网站，但是工作室网站的/hope只是一个路径而已，Nginx不能根据路径，可以使用二级域名使得不同应用运行在同一个一级域名下。
以下的Nginx配置，打开不同域名也就访问了不同网站：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 127.0.0.1;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
server {
listen 80;
server_name huruji3.com www.huruji3.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
root blog;
}
#location ~ *^.+\.*$ {
# root E:\huruji\blog\wechat_v1.1\public;
# access_log off;
# expires 24h;
#}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.huruji3.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3001;
root blog;
}
#location ~ *^.+\.*$ {
# root E:\huruji\blog\wechat_v1.1\public;
# access_log off;
# expires 24h;
#}
}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
浏览器输入不同地址，也就访问了不同网站应用：
