经济学人精读:腾讯20周年纪念!

2018-11-30  本文已影响49人  Joy高斋翻译

经济学人精读:腾讯20周年纪念!

这篇外刊精读是腾讯20周年纪念日经济学人报道的中国互联网巨头之间的博弈,今天给大家分享一段精读笔记!适合MTI,CATTI和考研英语备考学习。

经济学人精读:2018年,中国的互联网巨头展开激烈博弈

英文原文取自经济学人18.11.8的文章

China’s internet titan has had a bruising 2018

2018年,中国的互联网巨头展开激烈博弈

这篇文章论述了由于政府监管和其他竞争者的涌现,腾讯在线游戏的市场分额下降,收益减少。面对激烈竞争,腾讯开始反思并重新规划其市场战略,比如,从客户服务转向商业服务。

Tencent’s outsize influence in China’s online world is ballast that should steady it as it targets business customers. For sheer scale, WeChat seems likely to hold its own. It has given Tencent a powerful distribution channel for its own games, and has allowed it to stymie new rival products, including Douyin, by blocking them from its platform. But the giant is under pressure, and seems to know it. “We have to stay awake,” urged its president, Martin Lau, last month. Such introspection is necessary. Mr Chow says it was thought until this year that “Tencent could win every battle”. With more formidable competitors on the scene, the company will need to pick its fights more carefully.

腾讯在中国网络世界中的巨大影响力犹如压舱石,应该会让它在转向商业客户时保持稳定。微信以其规模之大似乎就足以稳住阵脚。它为腾讯自家的游戏提供了强大的发行渠道,还可以在自家平台上封杀新的竞争产品,包括抖音,从而打压它们。但巨人正在承受压力,而且它自己似平也清楚这一点。“我们需要时刻保持清醒。”上个月腾讯总裁刘炽平催促道。这种自省是必要的。周秀成说,直到今年以前,这家公司还认为“腾讯可以百战百胜”。随着更多强大的竞争对手粉墨登场,腾讯需要更谨慎地选择自己的发力点。

本段的段落结构是总——分——总式的论证,核心词是steady。开头第一句提出本段论点,腾讯在转向商业客户的市场战略时需保持稳定。

接下来,从正反两方面进行论证。第2-3句从微信的规模来看,正面论证腾讯可以在市场中稳住脚跟。

第4-7句从腾讯面临巨大市场竞争压力的角度,反面论证腾讯需要反思,保持清醒,并引用腾讯总裁的话进行佐证。

最后一句,得出结论,并与首句呼应,提出在当前的竞争形势下,腾讯更要慎重选择发力点。

第一句:Tencent’s outsize influence in China’s online world is ballast that should steady it as it targets business customers.

腾讯在中国网络世界中的巨大影响力犹如压舱石,应该会让它在转向商业客户时保持稳定。

1. 原文在表达巨大影响力时,用了outsize influence;outsize adj. Outsize or outsized things are much larger than usual or much larger than you would expect. 特大的,极大的;

其他巨大影响力的形容词有great,/significant/tremendous/enormous,在写作中,我们可以用上述词进行同义替换。

2. ballast 美 [ˈbæləst] n. 原义是(船中保持平衡的)压舱物;(热气球的)镇重物 heavy material placed in a ship or hot-air balloon to make it heavier and keep it steady;

比喻义是沉着;这个词也可以做动词,vt. 给某物装上压舱物; 使稳定;使沉着

3. that should steady it 引导的是定语从句,修饰ballast,这句将腾讯在中国网络世界的巨大影响力比喻为压舱石,这块压舱石可以镇住腾讯,使它在转向商业客户时保持稳定。

as引导的是时间状语从句,理解为“当…的时候,随着”,强调主从句的动作同时进行。

4. 重点谈谈target的用法。

1) target作为名词的意思有“目标;指标;(攻击)对象”;

2) 作为动词的意思有“面向,把…对准(某群体)”;“把…作为攻击目标;把…作为批评的对象” ,这也是外刊很喜欢用的一个用法。

比如,经济学人在谈及目标读者群体时,有这样一句“We target a truly progressive audience around the globe, and we call them the progressives.”

又如,《卫报》在一篇论及电子商务模式如何助长性别歧视的文章中说到:

In September, a group of people searching for work in the US filed charges against Facebook and 10 other companies for discriminating against women by targeting certain job advertisements only at men.

政府工作报告中也有类似表达,比如:

定向扶贫targeted poverty alleviation; 定向调控targeted regulation.

第二句:For sheer scale, WeChat seems likely to hold its own.

微信以其规模之大似乎就足以稳住阵脚。

1. 这句在形容微信的庞大规模时,用了sheer这个词。

Sheer,adj. 1) 放在名词前,常用来强调事物的大小、程度或数量;

e.g. We were impressed by the sheer size of the cathedral.

大教堂的宏大规模给我们留下了深刻的印象。

再如,《经济学人》在一篇关于马云和马化腾争相进军零售业的文章里,就用到了sheer 这个词:

Some observers argue that the sheer number of retailers means that the supermarket wars may not be won by either of the online titans.

2) 表示完全的;纯粹的;十足的 ,可与utter进行同义替换;

e.g. The concert was sheer delight.

这场音乐会是一次十足的享受。

2. hold one’s own : 指维持、保持自身的某种位置或状态;

e.g.But through much of this decade, as wages rose, the tech industry has found a way to hold its own, he said.

然而,在近10年的大部分时间里,在薪资上涨的同时,科技行业已找到了维持自身状况的方法。

比如,经济学人在一篇关于日本经济的文章里,标题就是Japan economy: Can it hold its own weight?

第三句:It has given Tencent a powerful distribution channel for its own games, and has allowed it to stymie new rival products, including Douyin, by blocking them from its platform.

它为腾讯自家的游戏提供了强大的发行渠道,还可以在自家平台上封杀新的竞争产品,包括抖音,从而打压它们。

1. stymie:n.<高尔夫> 妨碍球;困难的处境;vt. 妨碍,阻挠

做动词时,可与obstruct/block/hinder/curb/prevent from等进行同义替换;

比如,经济学人在一篇谈及美国枪支控制的文章里谈到,Why the second Amendment does not stymie gun control?

又如cnn的报道:Politics stymie Religious Reform in Egypt’s Coptic Church.

2.rival:1)在本段中是形容词,“竞争的、对立的”意思;

e.g. fighting between rival groups.

对立团体间的争斗。

He was shot by a member of a rival gang.

他被敌对团伙的一名成员开枪击中。

2)rival还可以做名词,表“竞争者、对手”;

比如经济学人在一篇关于科技变革对柯达公司前景影响的文章中,说道:While Kodak suffers, its long-time rival Fujifilm is doing rather well.

又如cnn在一篇报道里提到,Shares in China's Tesla rival Nio soar more than 75% in a day.

3)rival做动词,意思是“与…相匹敌;比得上” 比如,经济学人曾刊登过这样一句话:Eton is a British brand to rival Marmite and King Arthur.

3. By引导的动词ing形式做方式状语,block from阻碍、妨碍的意思。

第四——五句:But the giant is under pressure, and seems to know it. “We have to stay awake,” urged its president, Martin Lau, last month

但巨人正在承受压力,而且它自己似平也清楚这一点。“我们需要时刻保持清醒。”上个月腾讯总裁刘炽平催促道。

1. giant除了“巨人”的意思,还可以用来指行业巨头、大型公司;

比如经济学人在一篇论及中国国企改革的文章中,称中国国企为China‘s state giants,称中石油为an energy giant;

其他外刊常用的可进行同义替换的表达为:

A titan of ,tycoon,a gigantic/a gargantuan power company

再如,上面提到的同篇文章里,经济学人称中国国企A new class of monster SOEs with even more clout一类影响力更大的新型国企巨兽。

此外,前段时间我们分享的经济学人关于马云辞职的文章里,称龙头企业为corporate champions, 原句是“China is putting its corporate champions at the service of its ambitions to compete globally in high-tech industries. 中国使其龙头企业服务于其在全球高科技行业中展开竞争的雄心

第六——七句:Such introspection is necessary. Mr Chow says it was thought until this year that “Tencent could win every battle”.

这种自省是必要的。周秀成说,直到今年以前,这家公司还认为“腾讯可以百战百胜”。

1. introspection: 内省;反省

e.g.Introspecting the Female Liberation under Chinese MarketEconomy System.

反思中国市场经济体制下的女性解放。

2. it was thought until this year that… 是个强调句,强调的是thought until this year直到今年以前,一直这样认为。

第八句:With more formidable competitors on the scene, the company will need to pick its fights more carefully.

随着更多强大的竞争对手粉墨登场,腾讯需要更谨慎地选择自己的发力点。

1. With引导的名词结构表伴随状态;

2. formidable美 [ˈfɔ:rmɪdəbl] adj.可怕的;令人敬畏的;难对付的 if people, things or situations are formidable , you feel fear and/or respect for them, because they are impressive or powerful, or because they seem very difficult

e.g. a formidable task 一项艰巨的任务

To face formidable challenges面临巨大的挑战

再如《卫报》在一篇关于2018年预算展望的文章里,提到当代著名经济学家海曼·明斯基(Hyman P. Minsky)。

称赞他为:It was Hyman Minsky, one of the 20th century’s most formidable economic thinkers, who claimed “the game of policy making is rigged. 这里可以理解为“最伟大的、最具实力的”经济学家。

3. pick its fights 选择反击、选择发力点的意思

e.g. 《金融时报》曾报道乔嫂在一次深情告白致辞时,这样称赞其丈夫乔治.克鲁尼:George picks good fights 乔治敢于挑战。

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