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AFNetworking到底做了什么?

2016-12-02  本文已影响48019人  涂耀辉
写在开头:
先从最新的AF3.x讲起吧:

除去Support Files,可以看到AF分为如下5个功能模块:

其核心当然是网络通信模块AFURLSessionManager。大家都知道,AF3.x是基于NSURLSession来封装的。所以这个类围绕着NSURLSession做了一系列的封装。而其余的四个模块,均是为了配合网络通信或对已有UIKit的一个扩展工具包。

这五个模块所对应的类的结构关系图如下所示:

AF架构图.png

其中AFHTTPSessionManager是继承于AFURLSessionManager的,我们一般做网络请求都是用这个类,但是它本身是没有做实事的,只是做了一些简单的封装,把请求逻辑分发给父类AFURLSessionManager或者其它类去做。

首先我们简单的写个get请求:
AFHTTPSessionManager *manager = [[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc]init];

[manager GET:@"http://localhost" parameters:nil progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id  _Nullable responseObject) {
 
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
    
}];

首先我们我们调用了初始化方法生成了一个manager,我们点进去看看初始化做了什么:

- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithBaseURL:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)url {
    return [self initWithBaseURL:url sessionConfiguration:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithSessionConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration {
    return [self initWithBaseURL:nil sessionConfiguration:configuration];
}

- (instancetype)initWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)url
           sessionConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration
{
    self = [super initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }
    //对传过来的BaseUrl进行处理,如果有值且最后不包含/,url加上"/"
  //--经一位热心读者更正...以后注释也一定要走心啊...不能误导大家...
    if ([[url path] length] > 0 && ![[url absoluteString] hasSuffix:@"/"]) {
        url = [url URLByAppendingPathComponent:@""];
    }

    self.baseURL = url;

    self.requestSerializer = [AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer];
    self.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];

    return self;
}

直接来到父类AFURLSessionManager的初始化方法:

- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithSessionConfiguration:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithSessionConfiguration:(NSURLSessionConfiguration *)configuration {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }
    if (!configuration) {
        configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
    }
    self.sessionConfiguration = configuration;
    self.operationQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    //queue并发线程数设置为1
    self.operationQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1;
    
    //注意代理,代理的继承,实际上NSURLSession去判断了,你实现了哪个方法会去调用,包括子代理的方法!
    self.session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:self.sessionConfiguration delegate:self delegateQueue:self.operationQueue];
    
    //各种响应转码
    self.responseSerializer = [AFJSONResponseSerializer serializer];

    //设置默认安全策略
    self.securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy defaultPolicy];

#if !TARGET_OS_WATCH
    self.reachabilityManager = [AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager];
#endif
    // 设置存储NSURL task与AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate的词典(重点,在AFNet中,每一个task都会被匹配一个AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate 来做task的delegate事件处理) ===============
    self.mutableTaskDelegatesKeyedByTaskIdentifier = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];

    //  设置AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate 词典的锁,确保词典在多线程访问时的线程安全
    self.lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
    self.lock.name = AFURLSessionManagerLockName;

    // 置空task关联的代理
    [self.session getTasksWithCompletionHandler:^(NSArray *dataTasks, NSArray *uploadTasks, NSArray *downloadTasks) {        
        for (NSURLSessionDataTask *task in dataTasks) {
            [self addDelegateForDataTask:task uploadProgress:nil downloadProgress:nil completionHandler:nil];
        }
        for (NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask in uploadTasks) {
            [self addDelegateForUploadTask:uploadTask progress:nil completionHandler:nil];
        }
        for (NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask in downloadTasks) {
            [self addDelegateForDownloadTask:downloadTask progress:nil destination:nil completionHandler:nil];
        }
    }];
    return self;
}
[self.session getTasksWithCompletionHandler:^(NSArray *dataTasks, NSArray *uploadTasks, NSArray *downloadTasks) { 
}];

首先说说这个方法是干什么用的:这个方法用来异步的获取当前session的所有未完成的task。其实讲道理来说在初始化中调用这个方法应该里面一个task都不会有。我们打断点去看,也确实如此,里面的数组都是空的。
但是想想也知道,AF大神不会把一段没用的代码放在这吧。辗转多处,终于从AF的issue中找到了结论:github

初始化方法到这就全部完成了。

分割图.png

接着我们来看看网络请求:

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLString
                   parameters:(id)parameters
                     progress:(void (^)(NSProgress * _Nonnull))downloadProgress
                      success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull, id _Nullable))success
                      failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable, NSError * _Nonnull))failure
{
     //生成一个task
    NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [self dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:@"GET"
                                                        URLString:URLString
                                                       parameters:parameters
                                                   uploadProgress:nil
                                                 downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                                                          success:success
                                                          failure:failure];
  
    //开始网络请求
    [dataTask resume];

    return dataTask;
}

方法走到类AFHTTPSessionManager中来,调用父类,也就是我们整个AF3.x的核心类AFURLSessionManager的方法,生成了一个系统的NSURLSessionDataTask实例,并且开始网络请求。
我们继续往父类里看,看看这个方法到底做了什么:

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:(NSString *)method
                                       URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                      parameters:(id)parameters
                                  uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgress
                                downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgress
                                         success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, id))success
                                         failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, NSError *))failure
{
    
    NSError *serializationError = nil;
    
    //把参数,还有各种东西转化为一个request
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError];
    
    if (serializationError) {
        if (failure) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"
            //如果解析错误,直接返回
            dispatch_async(self.completionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                failure(nil, serializationError);
            });
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
        }

        return nil;
    }
    __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
    dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:request
                          uploadProgress:uploadProgress
                        downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                       completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
        if (error) {
            if (failure) {
                failure(dataTask, error);
            }
        } else {
            if (success) {
                success(dataTask, responseObject);
            }
        }
    }];

    return dataTask;
}
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"
#pragma clang diagnostic pop

这里是用来忽略:?带来的警告,具体的各种编译器警告描述,可以参考这篇:各种编译器的警告

接着我们跑到AFURLRequestSerialization类中:

- (NSMutableURLRequest *)requestWithMethod:(NSString *)method
                                 URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                parameters:(id)parameters
                                     error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    //断言,debug模式下,如果缺少改参数,crash
    NSParameterAssert(method);
    NSParameterAssert(URLString);

    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:URLString];

    NSParameterAssert(url);

    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url];
    mutableRequest.HTTPMethod = method;

    //将request的各种属性循环遍历
    for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {
        //如果自己观察到的发生变化的属性,在这些方法里
        if ([self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths containsObject:keyPath]) {
           //把给自己设置的属性给request设置
            [mutableRequest setValue:[self valueForKeyPath:keyPath] forKey:keyPath];
        }
    }
    //将传入的parameters进行编码,并添加到request中
    mutableRequest = [[self requestBySerializingRequest:mutableRequest withParameters:parameters error:error] mutableCopy];

    return mutableRequest;
}

static NSArray * AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths() {
    static NSArray *_AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths = nil;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    // 此处需要observer的keypath为allowsCellularAccess、cachePolicy、HTTPShouldHandleCookies
    // HTTPShouldUsePipelining、networkServiceType、timeoutInterval
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        _AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths = @[NSStringFromSelector(@selector(allowsCellularAccess)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(cachePolicy)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(HTTPShouldHandleCookies)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(HTTPShouldUsePipelining)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(networkServiceType)), NSStringFromSelector(@selector(timeoutInterval))];
    });
    //就是一个数组里装了很多方法的名字,
    return _AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths;
}

其实这个函数就是封装了一些属性的名字,这些都是NSUrlRequest的属性。
再来看看self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths,这个是当前类的一个属性:

@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSMutableSet *mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths;

在-init方法对这个集合进行了初始化,并且对当前类的和NSUrlRequest相关的那些属性添加了KVO监听

 //每次都会重置变化
    self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths = [NSMutableSet set];
    
    //给这自己些方法添加观察者为自己,就是request的各种属性,set方法
    for (NSString *keyPath in AFHTTPRequestSerializerObservedKeyPaths()) {
        if ([self respondsToSelector:NSSelectorFromString(keyPath)]) {
            [self addObserver:self forKeyPath:keyPath options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew context:AFHTTPRequestSerializerObserverContext];
        }
    }

KVO触发的方法:

-(void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(__unused id)object
                        change:(NSDictionary *)change
                       context:(void *)context
{
    //当观察到这些set方法被调用了,而且不为Null就会添加到集合里,否则移除
    if (context == AFHTTPRequestSerializerObserverContext) {
        if ([change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey] isEqual:[NSNull null]]) {
            [self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths removeObject:keyPath];
        } else {
            [self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths addObject:keyPath];
        }
    }
}

至此我们知道self.mutableObservedChangedKeyPaths其实就是我们自己设置的request属性值的集合。
接下来调用:

[mutableRequest setValue:[self valueForKeyPath:keyPath] forKey:keyPath];

用KVC的方式,把属性值都设置到我们请求的request中去。

3)把需要传递的参数进行编码,并且设置到request中去:

//将传入的parameters进行编码,并添加到request中
mutableRequest = [[self requestBySerializingRequest:mutableRequest withParameters:parameters error:error] mutableCopy];
 - (NSURLRequest *)requestBySerializingRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                               withParameters:(id)parameters
                                        error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
    NSParameterAssert(request);

    NSMutableURLRequest *mutableRequest = [request mutableCopy];

    //从自己的head里去遍历,如果有值则设置给request的head
    [self.HTTPRequestHeaders enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id field, id value, BOOL * __unused stop) {
        if (![request valueForHTTPHeaderField:field]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:value forHTTPHeaderField:field];
        }
    }];

    //来把各种类型的参数,array dic set转化成字符串,给request
    NSString *query = nil;
    if (parameters) {
        //自定义的解析方式
        if (self.queryStringSerialization) {
            NSError *serializationError;
            query = self.queryStringSerialization(request, parameters, &serializationError);

            if (serializationError) {
                if (error) {
                    *error = serializationError;
                }

                return nil;
            }
        } else {
            //默认解析方式
            switch (self.queryStringSerializationStyle) {
                case AFHTTPRequestQueryStringDefaultStyle:
                    query = AFQueryStringFromParameters(parameters);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    //最后判断该request中是否包含了GET、HEAD、DELETE(都包含在HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI)。因为这几个method的quey是拼接到url后面的。而POST、PUT是把query拼接到http body中的。
    if ([self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI containsObject:[[request HTTPMethod] uppercaseString]]) {
        if (query && query.length > 0) {
            mutableRequest.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:[[mutableRequest.URL absoluteString] stringByAppendingFormat:mutableRequest.URL.query ? @"&%@" : @"?%@", query]];
        }
    } else {
        //post put请求
        
        // #2864: an empty string is a valid x-www-form-urlencoded payload
        if (!query) {
            query = @"";
        }
        if (![mutableRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]) {
            [mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
        }
        //设置请求体
        [mutableRequest setHTTPBody:[query dataUsingEncoding:self.stringEncoding]];
    }

    return mutableRequest;
}

这个方法做了3件事:
1.从self.HTTPRequestHeaders中拿到设置的参数,赋值要请求的request里去
2.把请求网络的参数,从array dic set这些容器类型转换为字符串,具体转码方式,我们可以使用自定义的方式,也可以用AF默认的转码方式。自定义的方式没什么好说的,想怎么去解析由你自己来决定。我们可以来看看默认的方式:

NSString * AFQueryStringFromParameters(NSDictionary *parameters) {
    NSMutableArray *mutablePairs = [NSMutableArray array];
    
    //把参数给AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary,拿到AF的一个类型的数据就一个key,value对象,在URLEncodedStringValue拼接keyValue,一个加到数组里
    for (AFQueryStringPair *pair in AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary(parameters)) {
        [mutablePairs addObject:[pair URLEncodedStringValue]];
    }

    //拆分数组返回参数字符串
    return [mutablePairs componentsJoinedByString:@"&"];
}
NSArray * AFQueryStringPairsFromDictionary(NSDictionary *dictionary) {
    //往下调用
    return AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(nil, dictionary);
}
NSArray * AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(NSString *key, id value) {
    NSMutableArray *mutableQueryStringComponents = [NSMutableArray array];

    // 根据需要排列的对象的description来进行升序排列,并且selector使用的是compare:
    // 因为对象的description返回的是NSString,所以此处compare:使用的是NSString的compare函数
    // 即@[@"foo", @"bar", @"bae"] ----> @[@"bae", @"bar",@"foo"]
    NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"description" ascending:YES selector:@selector(compare:)];

    //判断vaLue是什么类型的,然后去递归调用自己,直到解析的是除了array dic set以外的元素,然后把得到的参数数组返回。
    if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
        NSDictionary *dictionary = value;
        // Sort dictionary keys to ensure consistent ordering in query string, which is important when deserializing potentially ambiguous sequences, such as an array of dictionaries
        
        //拿到
        for (id nestedKey in [dictionary.allKeys sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[ sortDescriptor ]]) {
            id nestedValue = dictionary[nestedKey];
            if (nestedValue) {
                [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue((key ? [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@[%@]", key, nestedKey] : nestedKey), nestedValue)];
            }
        }
    } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {
        NSArray *array = value;
        for (id nestedValue in array) {
            [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue([NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@[]", key], nestedValue)];
        }
    } else if ([value isKindOfClass:[NSSet class]]) {
        NSSet *set = value;
        for (id obj in [set sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[ sortDescriptor ]]) {
            [mutableQueryStringComponents addObjectsFromArray:AFQueryStringPairsFromKeyAndValue(key, obj)];
        }
    } else {
        [mutableQueryStringComponents addObject:[[AFQueryStringPair alloc] initWithField:key value:value]];
    }

    return mutableQueryStringComponents;
}
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) id field;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) id value;
   
    - (instancetype)initWithField:(id)field value:(id)value {
    self = [super init];
    if (!self) {
        return nil;
    }

    self.field = field;
    self.value = value;

    return self;
}
   
   - (NSString *)URLEncodedStringValue {
    if (!self.value || [self.value isEqual:[NSNull null]]) {
        return AFPercentEscapedStringFromString([self.field description]);
    } else {
        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@=%@", AFPercentEscapedStringFromString([self.field description]), AFPercentEscapedStringFromString([self.value description])];
    }
}

方法很简单,现在我们也很容易理解这整个转码过程了,我们举个例子梳理下,就是以下这3步:

@{ 
     @"name" : @"bang", 
     @"phone": @{@"mobile": @"xx", @"home": @"xx"}, 
     @"families": @[@"father", @"mother"], 
     @"nums": [NSSet setWithObjects:@"1", @"2", nil] 
} 
-> 
@[ 
     field: @"name", value: @"bang", 
     field: @"phone[mobile]", value: @"xx", 
     field: @"phone[home]", value: @"xx", 
     field: @"families[]", value: @"father", 
     field: @"families[]", value: @"mother", 
     field: @"nums", value: @"1", 
     field: @"nums", value: @"2", 
] 
-> 
name=bang&phone[mobile]=xx&phone[home]=xx&families[]=father&families[]=mother&nums=1&num=2

至此,我们原来的容器类型的参数,就这样变成字符串类型了。

紧接着这个方法还根据该request中请求类型,来判断参数字符串应该如何设置到request中去。如果是GET、HEAD、DELETE,则把参数quey是拼接到url后面的。而POST、PUT是把query拼接到http body中的:

if ([self.HTTPMethodsEncodingParametersInURI containsObject:[[request HTTPMethod] uppercaseString]]) {
    if (query && query.length > 0) {
        mutableRequest.URL = [NSURL URLWithString:[[mutableRequest.URL absoluteString] stringByAppendingFormat:mutableRequest.URL.query ? @"&%@" : @"?%@", query]];
    }
} else {
    //post put请求
    
    // #2864: an empty string is a valid x-www-form-urlencoded payload
    if (!query) {
        query = @"";
    }
    if (![mutableRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"]) {
        [mutableRequest setValue:@"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
    }
    //设置请求体
    [mutableRequest setHTTPBody:[query dataUsingEncoding:self.stringEncoding]];
}

至此,我们生成了一个request。

分割图.png
我们再回到AFHTTPSessionManager类中来,回到这个方法:
- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:(NSString *)method
                                       URLString:(NSString *)URLString
                                      parameters:(id)parameters
                                  uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgress
                                downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgress
                                         success:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, id))success
                                         failure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, NSError *))failure
{
    NSError *serializationError = nil;
    //把参数,还有各种东西转化为一个request
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError];
    
    if (serializationError) {
        if (failure) {
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"
            //如果解析错误,直接返回
            dispatch_async(self.completionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                failure(nil, serializationError);
            });
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
        }

        return nil;
    }
    
    __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
    dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:request
                          uploadProgress:uploadProgress
                        downloadProgress:downloadProgress
                       completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
        if (error) {
            if (failure) {
                failure(dataTask, error);
            }
        } else {
            if (success) {
                success(dataTask, responseObject);
            }
        }
    }];
    return dataTask;
}

绕了一圈我们又回来了。。

言归正传,我们接着调用了父类的生成task的方法,并且执行了一个成功和失败的回调,我们接着去父类AFURLSessionManger里看(总算到我们的核心类了..):

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                               uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlock
                             downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
                            completionHandler:(nullable void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id _Nullable responseObject,  NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler {

    __block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;
    //第一件事,创建NSURLSessionDataTask,里面适配了Ios8以下taskIdentifiers,函数创建task对象。
    //其实现应该是因为iOS 8.0以下版本中会并发地创建多个task对象,而同步有没有做好,导致taskIdentifiers 不唯一…这边做了一个串行处理
    url_session_manager_create_task_safely(^{
        dataTask = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];
    });

    [self addDelegateForDataTask:dataTask uploadProgress:uploadProgressBlock downloadProgress:downloadProgressBlock completionHandler:completionHandler];

    return dataTask;
}
static void url_session_manager_create_task_safely(dispatch_block_t block) {
    if (NSFoundationVersionNumber < NSFoundationVersionNumber_With_Fixed_5871104061079552_bug) {
        // Fix of bug
        // Open Radar:http://openradar.appspot.com/radar?id=5871104061079552 (status: Fixed in iOS8)
        // Issue about:https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking/issues/2093
      
      //理解下,第一为什么用sync,因为是想要主线程等在这,等执行完,在返回,因为必须执行完dataTask才有数据,传值才有意义。
      //第二,为什么要用串行队列,因为这块是为了防止ios8以下内部的dataTaskWithRequest是并发创建的,
      //这样会导致taskIdentifiers这个属性值不唯一,因为后续要用taskIdentifiers来作为Key对应delegate。
        dispatch_sync(url_session_manager_creation_queue(), block);
    } else {
        block();
    }
}
static dispatch_queue_t url_session_manager_creation_queue() {
    static dispatch_queue_t af_url_session_manager_creation_queue;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    //保证了即使是在多线程的环境下,也不会创建其他队列
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        af_url_session_manager_creation_queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.alamofire.networking.session.manager.creation", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    });

    return af_url_session_manager_creation_queue;
}

我们接着看到:

[self addDelegateForDataTask:dataTask uploadProgress:uploadProgressBlock downloadProgress:downloadProgressBlock completionHandler:completionHandler];

调用到:

- (void)addDelegateForDataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
                uploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlock
              downloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlock
             completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error))completionHandler
{
    AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *delegate = [[AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate alloc] init];
   
    // AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate与AFURLSessionManager建立相互关系
    delegate.manager = self;
    delegate.completionHandler = completionHandler;

    //这个taskDescriptionForSessionTasks用来发送开始和挂起通知的时候会用到,就是用这个值来Post通知,来两者对应
    dataTask.taskDescription = self.taskDescriptionForSessionTasks;
    
    // ***** 将AF delegate对象与 dataTask建立关系
    [self setDelegate:delegate forTask:dataTask];

    // 设置AF delegate的上传进度,下载进度块。
    delegate.uploadProgressBlock = uploadProgressBlock;
    delegate.downloadProgressBlock = downloadProgressBlock;
}

@property (nonatomic, weak) AFURLSessionManager *manager;

这个属性是弱引用的,所以不会存在循环引用的问题。
3)我们调用了[self setDelegate:delegate forTask:dataTask];

我们进去看看这个方法做了什么:

- (void)setDelegate:(AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *)delegate
            forTask:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
{
    //断言,如果没有这个参数,debug下crash在这
    NSParameterAssert(task);
    NSParameterAssert(delegate);

    //加锁保证字典线程安全
    [self.lock lock];
    // 将AF delegate放入以taskIdentifier标记的词典中(同一个NSURLSession中的taskIdentifier是唯一的)
    self.mutableTaskDelegatesKeyedByTaskIdentifier[@(task.taskIdentifier)] = delegate;
   
    // 为AF delegate 设置task 的progress监听
    [delegate setupProgressForTask:task];
    
    //添加task开始和暂停的通知
    [self addNotificationObserverForTask:task];
    [self.lock unlock];
}
- (void)setupProgressForTask:(NSURLSessionTask *)task {
    
    __weak __typeof__(task) weakTask = task;

    //拿到上传下载期望的数据大小
    self.uploadProgress.totalUnitCount = task.countOfBytesExpectedToSend;
    self.downloadProgress.totalUnitCount = task.countOfBytesExpectedToReceive;
    
    
    //将上传与下载进度和 任务绑定在一起,直接cancel suspend resume进度条,可以cancel...任务
    [self.uploadProgress setCancellable:YES];
    [self.uploadProgress setCancellationHandler:^{
        __typeof__(weakTask) strongTask = weakTask;
        [strongTask cancel];
    }];
    [self.uploadProgress setPausable:YES];
    [self.uploadProgress setPausingHandler:^{
        __typeof__(weakTask) strongTask = weakTask;
        [strongTask suspend];
    }];
    
    if ([self.uploadProgress respondsToSelector:@selector(setResumingHandler:)]) {
        [self.uploadProgress setResumingHandler:^{
            __typeof__(weakTask) strongTask = weakTask;
            [strongTask resume];
        }];
    }

    [self.downloadProgress setCancellable:YES];
    [self.downloadProgress setCancellationHandler:^{
        __typeof__(weakTask) strongTask = weakTask;
        [strongTask cancel];
    }];
    [self.downloadProgress setPausable:YES];
    [self.downloadProgress setPausingHandler:^{
        __typeof__(weakTask) strongTask = weakTask;
        [strongTask suspend];
    }];

    if ([self.downloadProgress respondsToSelector:@selector(setResumingHandler:)]) {
        [self.downloadProgress setResumingHandler:^{
            __typeof__(weakTask) strongTask = weakTask;
            [strongTask resume];
        }];
    }

    //观察task的这些属性
    [task addObserver:self
           forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesReceived))
              options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
              context:NULL];
    [task addObserver:self
           forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesExpectedToReceive))
              options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
              context:NULL];

    [task addObserver:self
           forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesSent))
              options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
              context:NULL];
    [task addObserver:self
           forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesExpectedToSend))
              options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
              context:NULL];

    //观察progress这两个属性
    [self.downloadProgress addObserver:self
                            forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(fractionCompleted))
                               options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                               context:NULL];
    [self.uploadProgress addObserver:self
                          forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(fractionCompleted))
                             options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
                             context:NULL];
}
 - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)change context:(void *)context {
    
    //是task
    if ([object isKindOfClass:[NSURLSessionTask class]] || [object isKindOfClass:[NSURLSessionDownloadTask class]]) {
        //给进度条赋新值
        if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesReceived))]) {
            self.downloadProgress.completedUnitCount = [change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey] longLongValue];
        } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesExpectedToReceive))]) {
            self.downloadProgress.totalUnitCount = [change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey] longLongValue];
        } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesSent))]) {
            self.uploadProgress.completedUnitCount = [change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey] longLongValue];
        } else if ([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(countOfBytesExpectedToSend))]) {
            self.uploadProgress.totalUnitCount = [change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey] longLongValue];
        }
    }
    //上面的赋新值会触发这两个,调用block回调,用户拿到进度
    else if ([object isEqual:self.downloadProgress]) {
        if (self.downloadProgressBlock) {
            self.downloadProgressBlock(object);
        }
    }
    else if ([object isEqual:self.uploadProgress]) {
        if (self.uploadProgressBlock) {
            self.uploadProgressBlock(object);
        }
    }
}

到这里我们整个对task的处理就完成了。

分割图.png

接着task就开始请求网络了,还记得我们初始化方法中:

self.session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:self.sessionConfiguration delegate:self delegateQueue:self.operationQueue];

我们把AFUrlSessionManager作为了所有的task的delegate。当我们请求网络的时候,这些代理开始调用了:

NSUrlSession的代理.png

这就是我们一开始说的,AFUrlSessionManager对这一大堆代理做了一些公共的处理,而转发到AF自定义代理的3条,则负责把每个task对应的数据回调出去。

又有小伙伴问了,我们设置的这个代理不是NSURLSessionDelegate吗?怎么能响应NSUrlSession这么多代理呢?我们点到类的声明文件中去看看:

@protocol NSURLSessionDelegate <NSObject>
@protocol NSURLSessionTaskDelegate <NSURLSessionDelegate>
@protocol NSURLSessionDataDelegate <NSURLSessionTaskDelegate>
@protocol NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate <NSURLSessionTaskDelegate>
@protocol NSURLSessionStreamDelegate <NSURLSessionTaskDelegate>
 - (BOOL)respondsToSelector:(SEL)selector {
    
    //复写了selector的方法,这几个方法是在本类有实现的,但是如果外面的Block没赋值的话,则返回NO,相当于没有实现!
    if (selector == @selector(URLSession:task:willPerformHTTPRedirection:newRequest:completionHandler:)) {
        return self.taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection != nil;
    } else if (selector == @selector(URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:)) {
        return self.dataTaskDidReceiveResponse != nil;
    } else if (selector == @selector(URLSession:dataTask:willCacheResponse:completionHandler:)) {
        return self.dataTaskWillCacheResponse != nil;
    } else if (selector == @selector(URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession:)) {
        return self.didFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession != nil;
    }
    return [[self class] instancesRespondToSelector:selector];
}

这样如果没实现这些我们自定义的Block也不会去回调这些代理。因为本身某些代理,只执行了这些自定义的Block,如果Block都没有赋值,那我们调用代理也没有任何意义。
讲到这,我们顺便看看AFUrlSessionManager的一些自定义Block:

@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDidBecomeInvalidBlock sessionDidBecomeInvalid;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock sessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSessionBlock didFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionTaskWillPerformHTTPRedirectionBlock taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionTaskDidReceiveAuthenticationChallengeBlock taskDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionTaskNeedNewBodyStreamBlock taskNeedNewBodyStream;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionTaskDidSendBodyDataBlock taskDidSendBodyData;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionTaskDidCompleteBlock taskDidComplete;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDataTaskDidReceiveResponseBlock dataTaskDidReceiveResponse;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTaskBlock dataTaskDidBecomeDownloadTask;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDataTaskDidReceiveDataBlock dataTaskDidReceiveData;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDataTaskWillCacheResponseBlock dataTaskWillCacheResponse;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDownloadTaskDidFinishDownloadingBlock downloadTaskDidFinishDownloading;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDownloadTaskDidWriteDataBlock downloadTaskDidWriteData;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, copy) AFURLSessionDownloadTaskDidResumeBlock downloadTaskDidResume;

各自对应的还有一堆这样的set方法:

 - (void)setSessionDidBecomeInvalidBlock:(void (^)(NSURLSession *session, NSError *error))block {
    self.sessionDidBecomeInvalid = block;
}

方法都是一样的,就不重复粘贴占篇幅了。
主要谈谈这个设计思路

   - (void)setSessionDidBecomeInvalidBlock:(nullable void (^)(NSURLSession *session, NSError *error))block;

为什么要绕这么一大圈呢?原来这是为了我们这些用户使用起来方便,调用set方法去设置这些Block,能很清晰的看到Block的各个参数与返回值。大神的精髓的编程思想无处不体现...

接下来我们就讲讲这些代理方法做了什么(按照顺序来):

NSURLSessionDelegate
代理1:
//当前这个session已经失效时,该代理方法被调用。
/*
 如果你使用finishTasksAndInvalidate函数使该session失效,
 那么session首先会先完成最后一个task,然后再调用URLSession:didBecomeInvalidWithError:代理方法,
 如果你调用invalidateAndCancel方法来使session失效,那么该session会立即调用上面的代理方法。
 */
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
didBecomeInvalidWithError:(NSError *)error
{
    if (self.sessionDidBecomeInvalid) {
        self.sessionDidBecomeInvalid(session, error);
    }

    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:AFURLSessionDidInvalidateNotification object:session];
}
代理2:
//2、https认证
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
didReceiveChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
 completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential *credential))completionHandler
{
    //挑战处理类型为 默认
    /*
     NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling:默认方式处理
     NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential:使用指定的证书
     NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge:取消挑战
     */
    NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
    __block NSURLCredential *credential = nil;

    // sessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge是自定义方法,用来如何应对服务器端的认证挑战

    if (self.sessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge) {
        disposition = self.sessionDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge(session, challenge, &credential);
    } else {
        // 此处服务器要求客户端的接收认证挑战方法是NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust
        // 也就是说服务器端需要客户端返回一个根据认证挑战的保护空间提供的信任(即challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust)产生的挑战证书。
       
        // 而这个证书就需要使用credentialForTrust:来创建一个NSURLCredential对象
        if ([challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
            
            // 基于客户端的安全策略来决定是否信任该服务器,不信任的话,也就没必要响应挑战
            if ([self.securityPolicy evaluateServerTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust forDomain:challenge.protectionSpace.host]) {
               
                // 创建挑战证书(注:挑战方式为UseCredential和PerformDefaultHandling都需要新建挑战证书)
                credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
                // 确定挑战的方式
                if (credential) {
                    //证书挑战
                    disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
                } else {
                    //默认挑战  唯一区别,下面少了这一步!
                    disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
                }
            } else {
                //取消挑战
                disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge;
            }
        } else {
            //默认挑战方式
            disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
        }
    }
    //完成挑战
    if (completionHandler) {
        completionHandler(disposition, credential);
    }
}

  • 函数作用:
    web服务器接收到客户端请求时,有时候需要先验证客户端是否为正常用户,再决定是够返回真实数据。这种情况称之为服务端要求客户端接收挑战(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *challenge)。接收到挑战后,客户端要根据服务端传来的challenge来生成completionHandler所需的NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition和NSURLCredential *credential(disposition指定应对这个挑战的方法,而credential是客户端生成的挑战证书,注意只有challenge中认证方法为NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust的时候,才需要生成挑战证书)。最后调用completionHandler回应服务器端的挑战。
  1. 当服务器端要求客户端提供证书时或者进行NTLM认证(Windows NT LAN Manager,微软提出的WindowsNT挑战/响应验证机制)时,此方法允许你的app提供正确的挑战证书。
  2. 当某个session使用SSL/TLS协议,第一次和服务器端建立连接的时候,服务器会发送给iOS客户端一个证书,此方法允许你的app验证服务期端的证书链(certificate keychain)
    注:如果你没有实现该方法,该session会调用其NSURLSessionTaskDelegate的代理方法URLSession:task:didReceiveChallenge:completionHandler: 。

这里,我把官方文档对这个方法的描述翻译了一下。
总结一下,这个方法其实就是做https认证的。看看上面的注释,大概能看明白这个方法做认证的步骤,我们还是如果有自定义的做认证的Block,则调用我们自定义的,否则去执行默认的认证步骤,最后调用完成认证:

//完成挑战 
if (completionHandler) { 
      completionHandler(disposition, credential); 
}
代理3:
//3、 当session中所有已经入队的消息被发送出去后,会调用该代理方法。
- (void)URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession:(NSURLSession *)session {
    if (self.didFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession) {
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            self.didFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession(session);
        });
    }
}

官方文档翻译:

函数讨论:

NSURLSessionTaskDelegate
代理4:
//被服务器重定向的时候调用
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
              task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
willPerformHTTPRedirection:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response
        newRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
 completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLRequest *))completionHandler
{
    NSURLRequest *redirectRequest = request;

    // step1. 看是否有对应的user block 有的话转发出去,通过这4个参数,返回一个NSURLRequest类型参数,request转发、网络重定向.
    if (self.taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection) {
        //用自己自定义的一个重定向的block实现,返回一个新的request。
        redirectRequest = self.taskWillPerformHTTPRedirection(session, task, response, request);
    }

    if (completionHandler) {
        // step2. 用request重新请求
        completionHandler(redirectRequest);
    }
}
<?php
defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

class Welcome extends CI_Controller {
    public function index()
    {
        header("location: http://www.huixionghome.cn/");
    }
}

证实确实如此,当我们服务器重定向的时候,代理就被调用了,我们可以去重新定义这个重定向的request。

此方法只会在default session或者ephemeral session中调用,而在background session中,session task会自动重定向。

这里指的模式是我们一开始Init的模式:

if (!configuration) {
    configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
}
self.sessionConfiguration = configuration;

这个模式总共分为3种:

对于NSURLSession对象的初始化需要使用NSURLSessionConfiguration,而NSURLSessionConfiguration有三个类工厂方法:
+defaultSessionConfiguration 返回一个标准的 configuration,这个配置实际上与 NSURLConnection 的网络堆栈(networking stack)是一样的,具有相同的共享 NSHTTPCookieStorage,共享 NSURLCache 和共享NSURLCredentialStorage。
+ephemeralSessionConfiguration 返回一个预设配置,这个配置中不会对缓存,Cookie 和证书进行持久性的存储。这对于实现像秘密浏览这种功能来说是很理想的。
+backgroundSessionConfiguration:(NSString *)identifier 的独特之处在于,它会创建一个后台 session。后台 session 不同于常规的,普通的 session,它甚至可以在应用程序挂起,退出或者崩溃的情况下运行上传和下载任务。初始化时指定的标识符,被用于向任何可能在进程外恢复后台传输的守护进程(daemon)提供上下文。

代理5:
//https认证
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
              task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
didReceiveChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
 completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential *credential))completionHandler
{
    NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
    __block NSURLCredential *credential = nil;

    if (self.taskDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge) {
        disposition = self.taskDidReceiveAuthenticationChallenge(session, task, challenge, &credential);
    } else {
        if ([challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
            if ([self.securityPolicy evaluateServerTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust forDomain:challenge.protectionSpace.host]) {
                disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential;
                credential = [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust];
            } else {
                disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge;
            }
        } else {
            disposition = NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling;
        }
    }

    if (completionHandler) {
        completionHandler(disposition, credential);
    }
}
代理6:
//当一个session task需要发送一个新的request body stream到服务器端的时候,调用该代理方法。

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
              task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
 needNewBodyStream:(void (^)(NSInputStream *bodyStream))completionHandler
{
    
    NSInputStream *inputStream = nil;

    //有自定义的taskNeedNewBodyStream,用自定义的,不然用task里原始的stream
    if (self.taskNeedNewBodyStream) {
        inputStream = self.taskNeedNewBodyStream(session, task);
    } else if (task.originalRequest.HTTPBodyStream && [task.originalRequest.HTTPBodyStream conformsToProtocol:@protocol(NSCopying)]) {
        inputStream = [task.originalRequest.HTTPBodyStream copy];
    }

    if (completionHandler) {
        completionHandler(inputStream);
    }
}
代理7:
/*
 //周期性地通知代理发送到服务器端数据的进度。
 */

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
              task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
   didSendBodyData:(int64_t)bytesSent
    totalBytesSent:(int64_t)totalBytesSent
totalBytesExpectedToSend:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToSend
{
     // 如果totalUnitCount获取失败,就使用HTTP header中的Content-Length作为totalUnitCount

    int64_t totalUnitCount = totalBytesExpectedToSend;
    if(totalUnitCount == NSURLSessionTransferSizeUnknown) {
        NSString *contentLength = [task.originalRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
        if(contentLength) {
            totalUnitCount = (int64_t) [contentLength longLongValue];
        }
    }

    if (self.taskDidSendBodyData) {
        self.taskDidSendBodyData(session, task, bytesSent, totalBytesSent, totalUnitCount);
    }
}
未完总结:

后续文章:
AFNetworking到底做了什么(二)?
AFNetworking之于https认证
AFNetworking之UIKit扩展与缓存实现
AFNetworking到底做了什么?(终)

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