L10 U6 Work and life

Module 1 Describing your life

1. One person's lifestyle

句子多样化
为了让阅读更加有趣，作者会变换句子长度和句型。注意本段中不同句子长度的生动效果。

I thought it would be easy to find a good job and support myself once I graduated from college. Now that I've applied for more than 100 jobs, I realized I was mistaken. Jobs don't come easy. Rent is unreasonable. And I live from paycheck to paycheck. In fact, I'm no longer sure where I want to be in life. Life can be hard, but I'm not giving up.

生动有趣的文本配合使用 simple、compound 和 complex 三种句型。

以下是 simple sentences 的例子，它们只有一个分句。
Jobs don't come easy.
Rent is unreasonable.

以下为 compound sentences 的例子，这种句子可以有多个主句（可独立作为句子的分句），主句之间以逗号 ( , ) 或 and、but、however 或 so 等词相连。
Rent is unreasonable, and I live from paycheck to paycheck.
Life can be hard, but I'm not giving up.

以下是 complex sentences 的例子。这种句子可以有一个主句和一个从句（不是完全句的分句），以 once、now that、 although、because 或 that 等词连接。
I thought it would be easy to find a good job and support myself once I graduated from college.
Now that I've applied for more than 100 jobs, I realized I was mistaken.

2. Life decisions

用这些表达方式谈论你已经做的决定或正考虑做的决定。
We're wondering if we should start a family. 我们想知道我们是否应该开始一个家庭。
We're thinking about adopting a child. 我们正在想收养一个孩子。
I made a decision to go back to college. 我决定回去上大学。
We decided against moving to the country. 我们决定不搬到乡下去。
We realized that we want something different. 我们意识到我们想要些不同的东西。

• We're thinking about selling our house. 我们在考虑卖我们的房子。
• I made a decision to work less. 我做了一个减少工作的决定。
• We're wondering if we should move abroad. 我们在想我们是否要搬到国外。
• We realized that we like what we have. 我们意识到我们喜欢我们所拥有的。
• We decided against staying here long term. 我们决定不长期呆在这。

3. Past and present

过去事件
如果某事发生在过去的特定时间，使用过去时态的动词，像moved,或者saw。如果发生在未说明的时间，使用have+ 过去分词，像have seen* 或have happened。
We moved to New Zealand 10 years ago. 我们十年前搬去了新西兰。
We've only seen each other once since college. 自从大学后我们彼此仅见过一面。

连接过去和现在
如果一个事件从过去开始并持续到现在，使用have + been + 动词 + ing。增加详细的时间，使用for加上一段时间，和since**加上过去的一个具体点。
Stella has been teaching in a university for five years. 丝戴拉已经在大学教书五年了。
I've been working at a design firm since September. 自从九月份以来我一直在设计公司工作。

• I went out on the front lawn …我去了前面的草坪...
• Al and I have been talking …我和艾尔一直在谈论…
• We have everything we thought we wanted.我们以为我们有了所有我们想要的东西。
• What Al and I have realized is that …艾尔和我意识到…
• But you told me a few years ago …但是几年前你告诉我…
• We've been talking about …我们一直在谈论...
• I wanted to talk to you because …我想和你谈谈，因为...

Module 2 Talking about life at work

1. Work and life

offsite 驻外
atmosphere 氛围
survey 调查
job satisfaction 工作满意度
supportive 给予帮助的
burned out 筋疲力尽
turning into 转变为

2. Transitive and intransitive verbs

及物和不及物动词
有些动词后接宾语，有些不接。请看以下例子：
I ran.
I picked.

I run 不必后接宾语。这位男子干了什么？他跑步。我们无需添加任何信息，这句话也说得通。但是，I picked 需要接宾语。这位女子摘了什么？我们不知道。只有添加宾语意思才完整：
I picked oranges.

及物动词
及物动词必须后接宾语。
Rick asked them to take the survey. Rick 求他们做调查。
I'll fill the glasses. 我会把玻璃杯倒满。
She invited him to the party. 她邀请他参加派对。
They picked strawberries to eat for dessert. 他们摘了草莓做甜点。

不及物动词
不及物动词从不后接宾语，但常后接副词或介词词组，比如 carefully 或 in Paris。
I was working in Paris. 我在巴黎工作。
I listened carefully. 我仔细听。

多数感官动词，比如 watch、see 和 hear 既可接宾语，又可不接宾语。
Let's watch the news. 让我们一起看新闻。
She watched as I worked. 我做事的时候她在看。
Yes, we've seen the survey. 是的，我们看过调查了。
You can't see out of the window. 你不能看到窗外。
I heard the phone. 我听见电话响了。
She can't hear very well. 她听力不大好。

• I was watching it carefully. 我在认真看培训视频。
• Can you fill the glasses? 你能把玻璃杯倒满吗？
• Dave invited me. Dave 邀请了我。
• I was watching the training video. 我在看培训视频。
• I was watching. 我在看。

3. Talking about work atmosphere

create a friendlier atmosphere 营造更友好的氛围
Job satisfaction's way up. 工作满意度上升。
It really makes a difference. 情况非常不一样。
It was terrible before. 这以前非常糟糕。
I was pretty burned out. 我累得筋疲力尽。
We work with some really nice people. 我们与非常和善的人共事。
IXW is turning into a great company. IXW 正在转变成一家优秀的公司。

谈论工作氛围
使用类似表达谈论工作氛围。
I'm trying to create a lively atmosphere. 我试图营造活泼的氛围。
It makes a difference when you work with nice people. 跟和善的人一起工作时，情况大不一样。
I'm feeling totally burned out. 我整个人感觉筋疲力尽。

使用类似表达谈论你工作中的逐渐变化。
Job satisfaction fell steeply last year. 工作满意度去年大幅降低。
Things were awful before because of the long days. 由于工作时间长，以前没什么好事。
This job's turned into a good thing. 这份工作现在成好事了。

• It makes a difference when you work offsite. 当你驻外工作时就会起作用。
• I'm trying to create a supportive atmosphere. 我正在努力营造互助的氛围。
• This job's turned into a good thing. 这份工作现在成好事了
• Job satisfaction's way up. 工作满意度上升。
• I'm feeling totally burned out. 我整个人感觉筋疲力尽。

Module 3 Creating professional objectives

1. Stating objectives

与工作有关的目标
这是一些交流常见的员工业务objectives (目标）的表达方式。
John needs to be proactive in finding and fixing defects. 约翰需要积极主动地发现并解决缺陷。
I will become involved in the early stages of project planning. 我将参与到项目计划的早期阶段。
Roger should play a role in the design stage of products. 罗杰应该在产品的设计阶段起作用。
Mary needs to point out problems in our manufacturing process. 玛丽需要指出我们在生产过程中的问题。
Ron needs to lead the development of our new software. 罗恩需要去领导我们新软件的开发。
Sherry has to take responsibility for her team's missed deadlines. 雪莉要承担她的团队错过最后期限的责任。
The whole team needs to submit annual objectives that are clear and detailed. 整个团队需要提交清晰具体的年度目标。

• We will become involved in project planning. 我们将参与项目规划。
• She should play a role in the design of products. 她应该在产品的设计中发挥作用。
• He needs to be proactive in finding defects. 他需要在发现缺陷方面积极主动些。
• They need to lead the development of new software. 他们需要领导新软件的开发。
• We all need to point out problems in the process. 我们都需要指出过程中的问题。
• Everyone needs to submit annual objectives. 每个人都需要提交年度目标。
• The manager has to take responsibility for deadlines. 管理者必须对最后期限负责。

2. Annual objectives

用-er来比较
当你使用单音节形容词来陈述目标时，加-er来进行比较。
We want him to develop a faster design process. 我们希望他能开发出更快的设计过程。

用more来比较
更长一些的形容词，加more。
As an area for improvement, you have to be more proactive. 作为一个可以改进的方面，你必须更加积极主动。

以-y结尾的形容词
以-y结尾的双音节形容词，改-y为-i 再加-er。
She needs to be involved earlier in the process. 她需要在过程中更早地参与进来。

不规则形容词
一些形容词有不规则的比较形式。注意bigger在词中间加有一个额外的g。
He's a good worker, but we need him to get better fast! 他是一个好的员工，但是我们需要他快点变得更好！
We want you to play a bigger role in the future. 我们希望你在将来能起到更大的作用。

• You will have much more responsibility. 你将有更多的责任。
• We need you to be more proactive. 我们需要你更加积极主动。
• You need to be involved earlier in the process. 你需要早点参与到在这个过程中。
• We're promoting you to senior designer. 我们将提升你做高级设计师。
• You're going to manage two people. 你将管理两个人。
• You have to help us create a better process. 你得帮我们创造更好的进程。
• You'll have a much bigger role in design. 在设计上你会起到更大作用。

Module 4 Planning your career path

1. Describing goals

描述目标的单词
使用这些形容词帮助你描述目标。
Getting an MBA in the next five years is a realistic goal 在接下来的五年获得工商管理学硕士学位是个现实的目标。
You need more details in your goals. They have to be specific. 你的目标需要更详细。他们必须是具体的。
Getting an online certificate in project management within two years is an attainable goal. 两年内获得项目管理在线证书是个能达到的目标。
Studying computer programming is consistent with your goal of getting a job in a tech company. 学习电脑编程和你很想在科技公司找到工作的目标是一致的。
Your goal of becoming a CEO someday is great because it's ambitious. 你希望某天成为一名首席执行官的目标是了不起的，因为它是雄心勃勃的。

• Taking an online class is a realistic goal. 参加一节在线课是个现实的目标。
• You never know what you can achieve. 你不知道你能获得什么。
• An MBA and a job in business are consistent goals. 工商管理硕士学位和商业内的工作是一致的目标。
• Your goal of becoming a professor is ambitious. 你成为教授的目标很有雄心的。
• Becoming CEO in two years may not be attainable. 两年内成为首席执行官可能达不到。
• To be specific, a goal needs details. 具体点，目标需要详情。

2. Plans and goals

交流计划和目标
使用这些表达方式交流你的意图和目标。
A: Where do you want to be or plan to be in five years? 将来的五年你想去哪或者打算要去哪？
B: I plan to be a designer in a large corporation. 我计划在一家大公司里作一名设计师。

A: What are you going to do after college? 毕业后你打算做什么？
B: I intend to work as an accountant. 我想做会计师工作。

A: Did you look at the questions I gave you? 你看我给你的问题了吗？
B: Yes. They really helped me set my career goals. 是的。他们真的帮了我确立我的职业目标。

A: What is a next step for today or tomorrow for you to achieve your goals? 为了实现你的目标，下一步在今天或者明天做什么？
B: I need to do an informational interview. 我需要做一个信息采访。

• My next step is an informational interview. 我的下一步是一个信息采访。
• I'm trying to set realistic goals. 我试图确立现实的目标。
• I think I would need an MBA. 我认为我需要一个工商管理学硕士学位。
• My dream job is to be CEO of IXW. 我的梦想工作是成为IXW 的首席执行官。
• I plan to work in marketing. 我计划做市场营销工作。
• I intend to work for a large corporation. 我打算为大公司工作。

3. Career counselor

Our first appointment

From:
Sandra.Bickerman.phd@fhtzmail.com
To: efstudent@ef.com
I'm looking forward to meeting you at 3 p.m. on Tuesday. Before our appointment, please look over the four questions below, and spend some time working out some goals. These will not be final goals, but it will give us a place to start our discussion.

Where do you hope or plan to be in five years?
What would be your dream job?
What education or training would you need to achieve these goals?
What do you need to do in the immediate future to achieve these goals?
Please be as specific as possible. Give details. Also, try to keep a balance between realistic and ambitious. We want your goals to be attainable but still a challenge.

See you soon!

Sincerely,

Sandra Bickerman, Ph.D.