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Hadoop安装配置

2017-05-30  本文已影响1046人  64d1c00cca37

配置所需工具

Hadoop部署准备 本地VMware安装Linux系统家族中Ubuntu 16.04
Java对应版本jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz
Hadoop版本hadoop-2.8.0.tar.gz

VMware虚拟机建议使用 NAT 网络设置,因为在配置 Hadoop 环境过程中如果IP地址发生改变,则配置失效。

网络配置

伪分布式安装配置

修改主机相关配置

1.首先使用VMware安装Ubuntu系统,所有的操作都要在root下进行。修改主机名,由于创建的是伪分布式即单机版,修改主机名:
修改hostname文件:vim /etc/hostname ,修改内容如下:

hadoop-alone

2./etc/hosts 文件里注册修改的主机名称,如果此处不进行修改操作,Hadoop服务启动会报错,使用命令 vim /etc/hosts修改hosts文件,修改完成之后,重启主机使修改配置文件生效,可以使用 reboot 命令。

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       localhost
127.0.0.1       hadoop-alone
hosts文件

免密登录授权配置

伪分布式配置

Hadoop配置

1.首先安装配置JDK,解压jdk文件到/usr/local 目录下:

tar -xzvf /srv/ftp/jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
move /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_73  /usr/local/jdk

2.配置jdk环境属性,编辑 /etc/profle 文件,使用命令 vim /etc/profle

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:

编辑完成之后保存退出,使用 source /etc/profile 使配置文件立即生效。
完成之后,可以查看安装的jdk详情:

JDK版本信息
3.配置hadoop
tar xzvf /srv/ftp/hadoop-2.8.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
mv /usr/local/hadoop-2.8.0/ /usr/local/hadoop

4.修改 /etc/profile 配置文件,打开profile配置文件:vim /etc/profile 具体配置如下:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin

保存退出后使配置立即生效:source /etc/profile

5.Hadoop依赖于Java的开发包(JAVA_HOME),虽然现在已经在profile文件里面定义了JAVA_HOME,但是很多时候Hadoop找不到这个配置,所以建议在整个的配置之中手工配置一下要使用的JDK
vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
手工配置要使用的JAVA_HOME环境:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
hadoop-env

6.Hadoop安装完成之后它直接给出了一个测试的环境命令,这个测试的主要功能是进行一个单词统计。

7.如果要进行统计操作则可以使用hadoop默认提供的工具。

hadoop jar /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.8.0-sources.jar org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount /usr/test/hadoop/input /usr/test/hadoop/output

执行完成之后,观察之前配置好的输出目录,cat /usr/test/hadoop/output/part-r-00000

伪分布式搭建

1.Hadoop所有的配置文件目录都保存在:/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop
2.修改core-site.xml配置文件,这个配置文件为整个Hadoop运行中的核心配置文件:

注意:Hadoop默认启动的时候使用的是系统的 /tmp 目录,但是这个目录每一次重新启动之后都会自动清空,也就是说如果你现在不配置好一个临时的存储目录,那么下一次你的Hadoop就无法启动了。

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/usr/data/hadoop/tmp</value>
        <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://hadoop-alone:9000</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

3. 修改hdfs-site.xml文件,该配置文件主要的功能是进行HDFS分布式存储的配置

注意:如果你现在Hadoop网络环境发生了改变,这两个目录一定要清空,否则Hadoop就启动不了了。

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
        <value>file:///usr/data/hadoop/dfs/name</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
        <value>file:///usr/data/hadoop/dfs/data</value>
    </property>
<!--
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:50070</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:50090</value>
    </property>
-->
    <property> 
        <name>dfs.permissions</name>
        <value>false</value>
     </property>
</configuration>

4.修改yarn-site.xml配置文件,这个是进行yarn分析结构使用的
修改配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8033</value>
        </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
      </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8025</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8030</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8050</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8030</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8088</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.https.address</name>
        <value>hadoop-alone:8090</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

5.由于现在属于单主机伪分布式运行方式,所以还需要修改一下从节点的配置文件
修改配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves

hadoop-alone

6.现在对于数据的保存保存在了/usr/data/hadoop/{name,data}目录下,所以如果要想使用,则必须针对于这两个目录进行格式化的处理操作:hdfs namenode -format

INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0

其中的0表示的是现在的程序没有任何的错误,你的配置成功。
7.启动Hadoop相关进程(不建议使用此启动命令):/usr/local/hadoop/sbin/start-all.sh

启动结果
启动完成之后,查看进行:jps 服务名称
8.浏览器访问:
伪分布式访问

Hadoop分布式集群配置

Hadoop集群

环境准备

1.准备Hadoop分布式集群主机,本次使用七台主机,具体说明如下:
[1] hadoop-namenode主机:专门负责保存有NameNode进程;
[1] hadoop-secondarynamenode主机:负责SencondaryNameNode进程;
[3 + 1] hadoop-datanode-*主机:负责数据的存储(DataNode)、数据分析(NodeManager);
[1] hadoop-resourcemanager主机:负责ResourceManager进程运行.

2.【hadoop-namenode】修改hosts文件

hadoop-namenode 192.168.125.141 运行NameNode进程
hadoop-resourcemanager 192.168.125.142 运行ResourceManager进程
hadoop-secondarynamenode 192.168.125.143 运行secondaryNameNode进程
hadoop-datanode-a 192.168.125.144 运行DataNode、NodeManager进程
hadoop-datanode-b 192.168.125.145 运行DataNode、NodeManager进程
hadoop-datanode-c 192.168.125.146 运行DataNode、NodeManager进程
hadoop-datanode-back 192.168.125.147 [动态扩充主机]运行DataNode、NodeManager进程

修改内容如下:

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       localhost
192.168.125.141         hadoop-namenode
192.168.125.142         hadoop-resourcemanager
192.168.125.143         hadoop-secondarynamenode
192.168.125.144         hadoop-datanode-a
192.168.125.145         hadoop-datanode-b
192.168.125.146         hadoop-datanode-c
192.168.125.147         hadoop-datanode-back

修改完成之后reboot重启主机,使配置生效

3.【hadoop-namenode主机】进行ssh免密登录配置
删除掉已有的ssh配置:rm -r ~/.ssh
生成新的ssh-key信息:ssh-keygen -t rsa
设置本机的免登录配置:cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

将本机的ssh-key信息发送到所有的其它主机上:

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-resourcemanager
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-secondarynamenode
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-a
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-b
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-c
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-back

4.【hadoop-namenode主机】所有主机的hosts文件内容必须保持一致,所以此时一定要将hadoop-namenode节点中的/etc/hosts文件拷贝到所有主机之中:

复制本机的hosts文件到其他主机,复制完成后,其他主机重启:

发送到hadoop-resourcemanager主机:scp /etc/hosts hadoop-resourcemanager:/etc/
发送到hadoop-secondarynamenode主机:scp /etc/hosts hadoop-secondarynamenode:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-a主机:scp /etc/hosts hadoop-datanode-a:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-b主机:scp /etc/hosts hadoop-datanode-b:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-c主机:scp /etc/hosts hadoop-datanode-c:/etc/

配置NameNode节点

1.【hadoop-namenode主机】将hadoop开发包上传到主机之中,而后进行解压缩控制:
tar xzvf /srv/ftp/hadoop-2.8.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
2.【hadoop-namenode主机】将解压缩后的hadoop文件夹进行更名处理:
mv /usr/local/hadoop-2.8.0/ /usr/local/hadoop
3.【hadoop-namenode主机】为了方便后续的处理,建议将doc目录删除掉,但是千万别删除错了;
rm -r /usr/local/hadoop/share/doc/
4.【hadoop-namenode主机】依然要进行profile编辑
打开配置文件:vim /etc/profile
设置如下内容:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:

让配置立即生效:source /etc/profile
5.【hadoop-namenode主机】将profile配置发送到其它主机之中:

发送到hadoop-resourcemanager主机:scp /etc/profile hadoop-resourcemanager:/etc/
发送到hadoop-secondarynamenode主机:scp /etc/profile hadoop-secondarynamenode:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-a主机:scp /etc/profile hadoop-datanode-a:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-b主机:scp /etc/profile hadoop-datanode-b:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-c主机:scp /etc/profile hadoop-datanode-c:/etc/
发送到hadoop-datanode-back主机:scp /etc/profile hadoop-datanode-back:/etc/

6.【hadoop-*】所有主机使profile配置立即生效:source /etc/profile

7.【hadoop-namenode主机】现在的需求:datanode与nodemanager都在一台主机上运行,所以现在修改slaves配置文件,将已有的主机名称进行配置:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slaves

hadoop-datanode-a
hadoop-datanode-b
hadoop-datanode-c

8.【hadoop-namenode主机】修改hadoop运行环境配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk

9.【hadoop-namenode主机】建立几个hadoop保存目录:

10.【hadoop-namenode主机】修改core-site.xml配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration> 
    <property> 
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> 
        <value>/usr/data/hadoop/tmp</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name> 
        <value>hdfs://hadoop-namenode:9000</value> 
    </property> 
</configuration>

11.【hadoop-namenode主机】修改hdfs-site.xml文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration> 
    <property> 
        <name>dfs.replication</name> 
        <value>3</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name> 
        <value>file:///usr/data/hadoop/dfs/name</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name> 
        <value>file:///usr/data/hadoop/dfs/data</value> 
    </property> 
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-secondarynamenode:50090</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>dfs.permissions</name> 
        <value>false</value> 
    </property> 
</configuration>

此时DataNode节点很多,所以文件的副本量可以设置多个。

12.【hadoop-namenode主机】修改yarn-site.xml配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml

<configuration> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8033</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> 
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce_shuffle.class</name> 
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8025</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8030</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8050</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8030</value> 
    </property> 
    <property> 
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8088</value> 
    </property> 
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.https.address</name> 
        <value>hadoop-resourcemanager:8090</value> 
    </property> 
</configuration>

13.【hadoop-namenode主机】现在一个基本环境的Hadoop搭建完成了,但是需要注意一个问题,Hadoop现在是属于集群环境,如果是集群环境,这种情况下一定要考虑一个pid的问题,默认情况下进程的pid都会保存在“/tmp”目录下,但是这个目录会被定期清空,所以需要更改一下pid的目录。
修改hadoop-dameon.sh配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh

HADOOP_PID_DIR=/usr/data/hadoop/pids

修改yarn-daemon.sh配置文件:vim /usr/local/hadoop/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh

YARN_PID_DIR=/usr/data/hadoop/yarn-pids

14.【hadoop-namenode主机】将配置好的hadoop开发包发送到其它主机上:

发送到hadoop-resourcemanager主机:scp -r /usr/local/hadoop/ hadoop-resourcemanager:/usr/local/
发送到hadoop-secondarynamenode主机:scp -r /usr/local/hadoop/ hadoop-secondarynamenode:/usr/local/
发送到hadoop-datanode-a主机:scp -r /usr/local/hadoop/ hadoop-datanode-a:/usr/local/
发送到hadoop-datanode-b主机:scp -r /usr/local/hadoop/ hadoop-datanode-b:/usr/local/
发送到hadoop-datanode-c主机:scp -r /usr/local/hadoop/ hadoop-datanode-c:/usr/local/
发送到hadoop-datanode-back主机:scp -r /usr/local/hadoop/ hadoop-datanode-back:/usr/local/

配置其他节点

1.【hadoop-*主机】建立文件保存路径:

mkdir -p /usr/data/hadoop/{tmp,dfs}
mkdir -p /usr/data/hadoop/dfs/{name,data}

2.【hadoop-namenode主机】格式化namenode节点:hdfs namenode -format

3.【hadoop-namenode主机】启动dfs相关进程:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin/start-dfs.sh

root@hadoop-namenode:~# /usr/local/hadoop/sbin/start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [hadoop-namenode]
hadoop-namenode: starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop-namenode.out
hadoop-datanode-c: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-doop-datanode-c.out
hadoop-datanode-a: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop-datanode-a.out
hadoop-datanode-b: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop-datanode-b.out
Starting secondary namenodes [hadoop-secondarynamenode]
hadoop-secondarynamenode: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop-secondarynamenode.out
root@hadoop-namenode:~# 

查看启动结果

root@hadoop-namenode:~# jps
5824 Jps
5588 NameNode
root@hadoop-secondarynamenode:~# jps
5545 SecondaryNameNode
5595 Jps

root@hadoop-datanode-a:~# jps
5147 Jps
5070 DataNode

root@hadoop-datanode-b:~# jps
5098 Jps
5021 DataNode

root@hadoop-datanode-c:~# jps
5100 Jps
5022 DataNode

4.【hadoop-resourcemanager主机】生成SSH-KEY:
删除掉已有的ssh配置:rm -r ~/.ssh
生成新的ssh-key信息:ssh-keygen -t rsa
设置本机的免登录配置:cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

将本机的ssh-key信息发送到所有的其它主机上:
发送到hadoop-datanode-a主机:ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-a
发送到hadoop-datanode-b主机:ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-b
发送到hadoop-datanode-c主机:ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop-datanode-c

5.【hadoop-resourcemanager主机】启动YARN相关进程:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin/start-yarn.sh

root@doop-resourcemanager:~# /usr/local/hadoop/sbin/start-yarn.sh
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-root-resourcemanager-doop-resourcemanager.out
hadoop-datanode-c: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-doop-datanode-c.out
hadoop-datanode-a: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop-datanode-a.out
hadoop-datanode-b: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop-datanode-b.out
root@doop-resourcemanager:~# 

6.【hadoop-namenode主机】启动WEB浏览器界面:
修改一下hosts文件:

192.168.125.141 hadoop-namenode
配置成功如图所示

上传测试文件到根目录中:

hadoop fs -put /srv/ftp/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M10.tar.gz /
文件上传 文件详情

动态扩充DataNode

1.【hadoop-namenode】修改hosts文件(此处已经在namenode主机中修改过了,如果未修改此处必须进行修改):vim /etc/hosts

192.168.125.147 hadoop-datanode-back

2.【hadoop-datanode-back】修改hosts文件:vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       localhost
192.168.125.141         hadoop-namenode
192.168.125.142         hadoop-resourcemanager
192.168.125.147         hadoop-datanode-back

备注:因为datanode-back主机一旦要进行添加肯定向namenode主机注册(DataNode),以及向resourcesmanager主机注册(NodeManager)。

3.【hadoop-datanode-back】分别启动两个进程:
启动datanode进程:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
启动nodemanager进程:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager

动态扩展结果
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