试译《今日简史》22
Indeed, already today computers and algorithms are beginning to function as clients in addition to producers. In the stock exchange, for example, algorithms are becoming the most important buyers of bonds, shares and commodities. Similarly in the advertisement business, the most important customer of all is an algorithm: the Google search algorithm. When people design Web pages, they often cater to the taste of the Google search algorithm rather than to the taste of any human being.
事实上,如今,计算机和算法已经开始扮演生产者和客户的角色了。例如,在证券交易所,算法正成为债券、股票和大宗商品的最重要买家。同样,在广告业务中,最重要的客户是一种算法:谷歌搜索算法。人们在设计网页时,常常迎合谷歌搜索算法的口味,而不是任何人的口味。
事实上,现在已经有计算机和算法不再只是生产者,还同时扮演起了客户的角色。例如在证券交易所,算法正成为债券、股票和期货的最重要买家。同样,广告业最重要的客户也是算法:谷歌搜索算法。现在设计师设计网页的时候,常常迎合的是谷歌搜索算法,而不是哪个人的品味。【林俊宏】
Algorithms obviously have no consciousness, so unlike human consumers, they cannot enjoy what they buy, and their decisions are not shaped by sensations and emotions. The Google search algorithm cannot taste ice cream.However, algorithms select things based on their internal calculations and built-in preferences, and these preferences increasingly shape our world. The Google search algorithm has a very sophisticated taste when it comes to ranking the Web pages of ice-cream vendors, and the most successful ice-cream vendors in the world are those that the Google algorithm ranks first - not those that produce the tastiest ice cream.
算法显然没有意识,因此,与人类消费者不同,算法不能享受他们所购买的东西,他们的决策也不是由感觉和情绪影响的。谷歌搜索算法尝不到冰淇淋的味道。然而,算法根据其内部计算和内置偏好选择事物,这些偏好日益塑造我们的世界。谷歌搜索算法在排名冰淇淋供应商的网页时有着非常精密的偏好,世界上最成功的冰淇淋供应商是谷歌算法排名第一的供应商,而不是那些生产最美味冰淇淋的供应商。
算法显然没有意识,所以不会像人类消费者那样享受自己购买的物品,做决定时也不会受到感觉和情绪的影响。毕竟,谷歌搜索算法怎么都不可能真的尝一口冰激凌。然而,算法会依据其内部运算和内置偏好来做出各种选择,而这些内置偏好对人类世界的影响也日益增加。以冰激凌品牌为例,谷歌搜索算法对网页搜索结果的排序有十分复杂的考虑,而全球最成功的冰激凌品牌就是被谷歌排在前面的那几家——不见得是真正最好吃的那几家。【林俊宏】
I know this from personal experience. When I publish a book, the publishers ask me to write a short description that they use for publicity online. But they have a special expert, who adapts what I write to the taste of the Google algorithm. The expert goes over my text, and says 'Don't use this word - use that word instead. Then we will get more attention from the Google algorithm.’ We know that if we can just catch the eye of the algorithm, we can take the humans for granted.
我是从个人经历中知道这一点的。当我出版一本书的时候,出版商要求我写一篇简短的描述,用于网上宣传。但是他们有一个特别的专家,他会根据谷歌算法的口味来调整我写的东西。专家仔细检查了我的文本,说“不要用这个词,用那个词代替,这样我们才会从谷歌算法中获得更多的关注。”我们知道,如果能抓住算法的眼球,就可以不把人类的喜好当回事。
我是从自身经历中体会到这一点的。每次我出书的时候,出版社都会请我写个简短的介绍,让他们用于网络宣传。但出版社会把我写的文字改成迎合谷歌算法的版本。在看过我写的文字后,出版社告诉我:“不要用这个字,换成那个字比较好,能在谷歌算法里得到更多的关注。”我们知道.只要抓住了算法的目光,抓住人类的目光就是自然而然的事了。【林俊宏】
So if humans are needed neither as producers nor as consumers, what will safeguard their physical survival and their psychological well-being? We cannot wait for the crisis to erupt in full force before we start looking for answers. By then it will be too late. In order to cope with the unprecedented technological and economic disruptions of the twenty-first century, we need to develop new social and economic models as soon as possible. These models should be guided by the principle of protecting humans rather than jobs. Many jobs are uninspiring drudgery, not worth saving. Nobody's life-dream is to be a cashier.What we should focus on is providing for people's basic needs and protecting their social status and self-worth.
那么,如果人类既不需要成为生产者,也不需要成为消费者,那么什么能保护人类的生存和心理健康呢?我们不能等到危机全面爆发后才开始寻找答案。那样就为时已晚了。为了应对21世纪前所未有的技术和经济混乱,我们需要尽快开发新的社会和经济模式。这些模式应该以保护人类而不是保护工作的原则为指导。许多工作都是乏味的苦差事,不值得挽救。没有人毕生梦想只是成为一名收银员。我们应该关注的是满足人们的基本需求,保护他们的社会地位和自我价值。
这样一来,我们既不需要人类作为生产者,也不需要人类作为消费者,那么.什么能保障人类的生存与心理健康呢?我们不能等到危机彻底爆发才开始寻找答案,那时候就太迟了。为了应对21世纪这一前所未有的科技和经济动荡局面,需要尽快发展新的社会及经济模式,并以“保护人类,而不是保护工作”为指导原则。很多工作不过是无聊的苦差事,本就应该被淘汰。例如,没有人一辈子的梦想是成为收银员吧?我们应该关注的是要满足人类的基本需求,以及保护其社会地位和自我价值。【林俊宏】