Android轮询机制
我记得我开始使用轮询是在做直播项目的时候,当时是在直播间中用来做弹幕的功能的。
在android中可以实现轮询的方式有很多,比如有handle,广播,观察者模式等等,而我最常用的方法是使用AlarmManager+Service+Thread来实现我们的轮询服务。
AlarmManager在Android中主要用来定时处理一个事件或是定期处理一个事件,比如闹钟应用就是使用AlarmManager来实现的,我们今天要使用AlarmManager的定期执行功能来实现轮询的功能。对于定期执行任务也可以用Timer和TimerTask来实现,也可以开一个Service在Thread里面以while循环来实现。但最好的方案还是选用AlarmManager,这里涉及一个Android系统锁的机制,即系统在检测到一段时间没有活跃以后,会关闭一些不必要的服务来减少资源和电量消耗。使用Timer和Service来实现的话很可能出现的情况就是屏幕熄灭后一段时间,服务就被停止了,当然轮询也就被停止了。那么接下来就开始使用AlarmManager+Service+Thread来实现我们的轮询服务吧!
首先新建轮询工具类PollingUtils.Java
public class PollingUtils {
//开启轮询服务
public static void startPollingService(Context context, int seconds, Class cls,String action) {
//获取AlarmManager系统服务
AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
//包装需要执行Service的Intent
Intent intent = new Intent(context, cls);
intent.setAction(action);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//触发服务的起始时间
long triggerAtTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
//使用AlarmManger的setRepeating方法设置定期执行的时间间隔(seconds秒)和需要执行的Service
manager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, triggerAtTime,
seconds * 1000, pendingIntent);
}
//停止轮询服务
public static void stopPollingService(Context context, Class cls,String action) {
AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context
.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
Intent intent = new Intent(context, cls);
intent.setAction(action);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0,
intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//取消正在执行的服务
manager.cancel(pendingIntent);
}
}
第二步就是构建轮询任务执行PollingService.java
public class PollingService extends Service {
public static final String ACTION = "com.ryantang.service.PollingService";
private Notification mNotification;
private NotificationManager mManager;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
initNotifiManager();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
new PollingThread().start();
}
//初始化通知栏配置
private void initNotifiManager() {
mManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
int icon = R.drawable.ic_launcher;
mNotification = new Notification();
mNotification.icon = icon;
mNotification.tickerText = "New Message";
mNotification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
}
//弹出Notification
private void showNotification() {
mNotification.when = System.currentTimeMillis();
//Navigator to the new activity when click the notification title
Intent i = new Intent(this, MessageActivity.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, i,
Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(this,
getResources().getString(R.string.app_name), "You have new message!", pendingIntent);
mManager.notify(0, mNotification);
}
/**
* Polling thread
* 模拟向Server轮询的异步线程
* @Author Ryan
* @Create 2013-7-13 上午10:18:34
*/
int count = 0;
class PollingThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Polling...");
count ++;
//当计数能被5整除时弹出通知
if (count % 5 == 0) {
showNotification();
System.out.println("New message!");
}
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
System.out.println("Service:onDestroy");
}
}
最后就是在MainActivity.java中开启和停止PollingService
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//Start polling service
System.out.println("Start polling service...");
PollingUtils.startPollingService(this, 5, PollingService.class, PollingService.ACTION);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
//Stop polling service
System.out.println("Stop polling service...");
PollingUtils.stopPollingService(this, PollingService.class, PollingService.ACTION);
}
}
}