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动手造轮子:实现一个简单的 EventBus

2019-07-21  本文已影响42人  天天向上卡索

动手造轮子:实现一个简单的 EventBus

Intro

EventBus 是一种事件发布订阅模式,通过 EventBus 我们可以很方便的实现解耦,将事件的发起和事件的处理的很好的分隔开来,很好的实现解耦。 微软官方的示例项目 EShopOnContainers 也有在使用 EventBus 。

这里的 EventBus 实现也是参考借鉴了微软 eShopOnContainers 项目。

EventBus 处理流程:

event bus flow

微服务间使用 EventBus 实现系统间解耦:

event bus in microservice

借助 EventBus 我们可以很好的实现组件之间,服务之间,系统之间的解耦以及相互通信的问题。

起初觉得 EventBus 和 MQ 其实差不多嘛,都是通过异步处理来实现解耦合,高性能。后来看到了下面这张图才算明白为什么要用 EventBus 以及 EventBus 和 MQ 之间的关系,EventBus 是抽象的,可以用MQ来实现 EventBus.

eventbus implement

为什么要使用 EventBus

  1. 解耦合(轻松的实现系统间解耦)
  2. 高性能可扩展(每一个事件都是简单独立且不可更改的对象,只需要保存新增的事件,不涉及其他的变更删除操作)
  3. 系统审计(每一个事件都是不可变更的,每一个事件都是可追溯的)
  4. ...

EventBus 整体架构:

IEventBase IEventHandler IEventStore IEventBus

使用示例

来看一个使用示例,完整代码示例

internal class EventTest
{
    public static void MainTest()
    {
        var eventBus = DependencyResolver.Current.ResolveService<IEventBus>();
        eventBus.Subscribe<CounterEvent, CounterEventHandler1>();
        eventBus.Subscribe<CounterEvent, CounterEventHandler2>();
        eventBus.Subscribe<CounterEvent, DelegateEventHandler<CounterEvent>>();
        eventBus.Publish(new CounterEvent { Counter = 1 });

        eventBus.Unsubscribe<CounterEvent, CounterEventHandler1>();
        eventBus.Unsubscribe<CounterEvent, DelegateEventHandler<CounterEvent>>();
        eventBus.Publish(new CounterEvent { Counter = 2 });
    }
}

internal class CounterEvent : EventBase
{
    public int Counter { get; set; }
}

internal class CounterEventHandler1 : IEventHandler<CounterEvent>
{
    public Task Handle(CounterEvent @event)
    {
        LogHelper.GetLogger<CounterEventHandler1>().Info($"Event Info: {@event.ToJson()}, Handler Type:{GetType().FullName}");
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

internal class CounterEventHandler2 : IEventHandler<CounterEvent>
{
    public Task Handle(CounterEvent @event)
    {
        LogHelper.GetLogger<CounterEventHandler2>().Info($"Event Info: {@event.ToJson()}, Handler Type:{GetType().FullName}");
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

具体实现

EventStoreInMemory 实现:

EventStoreInMemory 是 IEventStore 将数据放在内存中的实现,使用了 ConcurrentDictionary 以及 HashSet 来尽可能的保证高效,具体实现代码如下:

public class EventStoreInMemory : IEventStore
{
    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, HashSet<Type>> _eventHandlers = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, HashSet<Type>>();

    public bool AddSubscription<TEvent, TEventHandler>()
        where TEvent : IEventBase
        where TEventHandler : IEventHandler<TEvent>
    {
        var eventKey = GetEventKey<TEvent>();
        if (_eventHandlers.ContainsKey(eventKey))
        {
            return _eventHandlers[eventKey].Add(typeof(TEventHandler));
        }
        else
        {
            return _eventHandlers.TryAdd(eventKey, new HashSet<Type>()
            {
                typeof(TEventHandler)
            });
        }
    }

    public bool Clear()
    {
        _eventHandlers.Clear();
        return true;
    }

    public ICollection<Type> GetEventHandlerTypes<TEvent>() where TEvent : IEventBase
    {
        if(_eventHandlers.Count == 0)
            return  new Type[0];
        var eventKey = GetEventKey<TEvent>();
        if (_eventHandlers.TryGetValue(eventKey, out var handlers))
        {
            return handlers;
        }
        return new Type[0];
    }

    public string GetEventKey<TEvent>()
    {
        return typeof(TEvent).FullName;
    }

    public bool HasSubscriptionsForEvent<TEvent>() where TEvent : IEventBase
    {
        if(_eventHandlers.Count == 0)
            return false;

        var eventKey = GetEventKey<TEvent>();
        return _eventHandlers.ContainsKey(eventKey);
    }

    public bool RemoveSubscription<TEvent, TEventHandler>()
        where TEvent : IEventBase
        where TEventHandler : IEventHandler<TEvent>
    {
        if(_eventHandlers.Count == 0)
            return false;

        var eventKey = GetEventKey<TEvent>();
        if (_eventHandlers.ContainsKey(eventKey))
        {
            return _eventHandlers[eventKey].Remove(typeof(TEventHandler));
        }
        return false;
    }
}

EventBus 的实现,从上面可以看到 EventStore 保存的是 IEventHandler 对应的 Type,在 Publish 的时候根据 Type 从 IoC 容器中取得相应的 Handler 即可,如果没有在 IoC 容器中找到对应的类型,则会尝试创建一个类型实例,然后调用 IEventHandlerHandle 方法,代码如下:

/// <summary>
/// EventBus in process
/// </summary>
public class EventBus : IEventBus
{
    private static readonly ILogHelperLogger Logger = Helpers.LogHelper.GetLogger<EventBus>();

    private readonly IEventStore _eventStore;
    private readonly IServiceProvider _serviceProvider;

    public EventBus(IEventStore eventStore, IServiceProvider serviceProvider = null)
    {
        _eventStore = eventStore;
        _serviceProvider = serviceProvider ?? DependencyResolver.Current;
    }

    public bool Publish<TEvent>(TEvent @event) where TEvent : IEventBase
    {
        if (!_eventStore.HasSubscriptionsForEvent<TEvent>())
        {
            return false;
        }
        var handlers = _eventStore.GetEventHandlerTypes<TEvent>();
        if (handlers.Count > 0)
        {
            var handlerTasks = new List<Task>();
            foreach (var handlerType in handlers)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (_serviceProvider.GetServiceOrCreateInstance(handlerType) is IEventHandler<TEvent> handler)
                    {
                        handlerTasks.Add(handler.Handle(@event));
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Logger.Error(ex, $"handle event [{_eventStore.GetEventKey<TEvent>()}] error, eventHandlerType:{handlerType.FullName}");
                }
            }
            handlerTasks.WhenAll().ConfigureAwait(false);

            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public bool Subscribe<TEvent, TEventHandler>()
        where TEvent : IEventBase
        where TEventHandler : IEventHandler<TEvent>
    {
        return _eventStore.AddSubscription<TEvent, TEventHandler>();
    }

    public bool Unsubscribe<TEvent, TEventHandler>()
        where TEvent : IEventBase
        where TEventHandler : IEventHandler<TEvent>
    {
        return _eventStore.RemoveSubscription<TEvent, TEventHandler>();
    }
}

项目实例

来看一个实际的项目中的使用,在我的活动室预约项目中有一个公告的模块,访问公告详情页面,这个公告的访问次数加1,把这个访问次数加1改成了用 EventBus 来实现,实际项目代码:https://github.com/WeihanLi/ActivityReservation/blob/67e2cb8e92876629a7af6dc051745dd8c7e9faeb/ActivityReservation/Startup.cs

  1. 定义 Event 以及 EventHandler
public class NoticeViewEvent : EventBase
{
    public Guid NoticeId { get; set; }

    // UserId
    // IP
    // ...
}

public class NoticeViewEventHandler : IEventHandler<NoticeViewEvent>
{
    public async Task Handle(NoticeViewEvent @event)
    {
        await DependencyResolver.Current.TryInvokeServiceAsync<ReservationDbContext>(async dbContext =>
        {
            var notice = await dbContext.Notices.FindAsync(@event.NoticeId);
            notice.NoticeVisitCount += 1;
            await dbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
        });
    }
}

这里的 Event 只定义了一个 NoticeId ,其实也可以把请求信息如IP/UA等信息加进去,在 EventHandler里处理以便日后数据分析。

  1. 注册 EventBus 相关服务以及 EventHandlers
services.AddSingleton<IEventBus, EventBus>();
services.AddSingleton<IEventStore, EventStoreInMemory>();
//register EventHandlers
services.AddSingleton<NoticeViewEventHandler>();
  1. 订阅事件
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IEventBus eventBus)
{
    eventBus.Subscribe<NoticeViewEvent, NoticeViewEventHandler>(); 
    // ...
}
  1. 发布事件
eventBus.Publish(new NoticeViewEvent { NoticeId = notice.NoticeId });

Reference

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