学习内容

文件/目录相关基本命令: cd, mkdir, cp, rm, mv, pwd, ls, tar, zip, find, grep, less, tail, tree

个人总结

• ls - List
  ls列出当前工作目录内容

➜  ~ ls
Book       examples.desktop    Music           Public            wince3+1
Desktop    gradle-2.9-bin.zip  newRamlProject  Templates
Documents  IdeaProjects        pdf             Videos
Downloads  logs                Pictures        WebstormProjects

• mkdir - Make Directory
  mkdir <new-directory-name> 创建一个新的文件夹

➜  ~ mkdir newDir
➜  ~ ls
Book       examples.desktop    Music           Public            wince3+1
Desktop    gradle-2.9-bin.zip  newRamlProject  Templates           newDir
Documents  IdeaProjects        pdf             Videos
Downloads  logs                Pictures        WebstormProjects

• pwd – Print Working Directory
  pwd 显示当前工作目录

➜  ~ pwd
/home/zhyingjia

• cd – Change Directory
  cd <directory-name>进入某一文件目录

➜  ~ cd newDir 
➜  newDir pwd
/home/zhyingjia/newDir

• rmdir – Remove Directory
  rmdir <directory-name>删除给定的空目录

➜  ~ rmdir newDir 
➜  ~ ls
Book       examples.desktop    Music           Public            wince3+1
Desktop    gradle-2.9-bin.zip  newRamlProject  Templates
Documents  IdeaProjects        pdf             Videos
Downloads  logs                Pictures        WebstormProjects

• rm – Remove
  rm <file-name>删除给定的文件或文件夹
  rm -r <directory-name>递归删除文件夹

➜  newDir mkdir content
➜  newDir ls
content
➜  newDir cd ../
➜  ~ rmdir newDir 
rmdir: failed to remove 'newDir': Directory not empty
➜  ~ rm newDir 
rm: cannot remove 'newDir': Is a directory
➜  ~ rm -r newDir 
➜  ~ ls
Book       examples.desktop    Music           Public            wince3+1
Desktop    gradle-2.9-bin.zip  newRamlProject  Templates
Documents  IdeaProjects        pdf             Videos
Downloads  logs                Pictures        WebstormProjects

• cp – Copy
  cp <source-file> <destination-file>对文件进行复制
  cp -r <source-folder> <destination-folder> 对文件夹进行递归复制

➜  newDir touch file1.txt
➜  newDir ls
content  file1.txt
➜  newDir cp file1.txt file2.txt
➜  newDir ls
content  file1.txt  file2.txt

➜  newDir ls
content  file1.txt  file2.txt
➜  newDir cp file2.txt content 
➜  newDir ls
content  file1.txt  file2.txt
➜  newDir cd content 
➜  content ls
file2.txt

• mv – MoVe
  mv <source> <destination> 对文件或文件夹进行移动 / 重命名

➜  newDir ls
content  file2.txt
➜  newDir cd content 
➜  content ls
➜  content cd ../

//  重命名
➜  newDir mv file2.txt file.txt
➜  newDir ls
content  file.txt

//  移动
➜  newDir mv file.txt content 
➜  newDir ls
content
➜  newDir cd content 
➜  content ls
file.txt

• cat – concatenate and print files
  cat <file>用于在标准输出（监控器或屏幕）上查看文件内容
  Shift + PgUp 向上翻页
  Shift + PgDn 向下翻页

➜  content ls            
file.txt
➜  content cat file.txt 
0 file test data
1 file test data
2 file test data
3 file test data
4 file test data
5 file test data
6 file test data
7 file test data
8 file test data
9 file test data
10 file test data
11 file test data
12 file test data
13 file test data

• 10.tail – print TAIL (from last) >
  tail <file-name>默认在标准输出上显示给定文件的最后10行内容
  tail -n N <file-name>指定在标准输出上显示文件的最后N行内容

➜  content tail file.txt 
4 file test data
5 file test data
6 file test data
7 file test data
8 file test data
9 file test data
10 file test data
11 file test data
12 file test data
13 file test data
➜  content tail file.txt -n 3
11 file test data
12 file test data
13 file test data

• less – print LESS
  less <file-name>按页或按窗口打印文件内容。在查看包含大量文本数据的大文件时是非常有用和高效的。
  Ctrl+F向前翻页
  Ctrl+B向后翻页

• grep
  grep "<string>" <file-name>在给定的文件中搜寻指定的字符串
  grep -i "<string>" <file-name>在搜寻时会忽略字符串的大小写
  grep -r "<string>" <file-name>在当前工作目录的文件中递归搜寻指定的字符串

➜  ~ grep "1 f" newDir/content/file.txt
1 file test data
11 file test data

➜  ~ grep "0 File" newDir/content/file.txt

➜  ~ grep "0 File" -i newDir/content/file.txt
0 file test data
10 file test data
➜  ~ cd newDir 

➜  newDir grep "0 File" -i -r 
content/file.txt:0 file test data
content/file.txt:10 file test data

• Find
  find <folder-to-search> -name <file-name>在给定位置搜寻与条件匹配的文件(区分大小写)
  find <folder-to-search> -iname <file-name>在给定位置搜寻与条件匹配的文件（不区分大小写）

➜  ~ find newDir -name content
newDir/content
➜  ~ find newDir -iname Content
newDir/content

• tar（打包）
  tar -cvf <archive-name.tar> <file1-OR-file2-OR-both-to-archive>打包对应文件/目录
  tar -tvf <archive-to-view.tar>来查看打包文件的内容
  tar -xvf <archive-to-extract.tar>来提取对应打包文件内容

➜  newDir ls
content
➜  newDir tar -cvf content.tar content 
content/
content/file.txt
➜  newDir ls
content  content.tar

➜  newDir tar -tvf content.tar
drwxrwxr-x zhyingjia/zhyingjia 0 2016-12-09 22:22 content/
-rw-rw-r-- zhyingjia/zhyingjia 242 2016-12-09 22:22 content/file.txt

➜  newDir rm -rf content
➜  newDir ls
content.tar
➜  newDir tar -xvf content.tar 
content/
content/file.txt
➜  newDir ls
content  content.tar

• gzip（压缩）
  gzip <filename>创建压缩文件
  gzip -d <filename>提取压缩文件

➜  content ls
file.txt
➜  content gzip file.txt 
➜  content ls
file.txt.gz
➜  content gzip -d file.txt.gz 
➜  content ls
file.txt

• zip（压缩）
  zip archive-name.zip filename 压缩一个文件
  zip -r archive-name.zip directory-name递归压缩一个目录

➜  content zip file.zip file.txt 
  adding: file.txt (deflated 100%)
➜  content ls
file.txt  file.zip
➜  content cd ../
➜  newDir ls
content
➜  newDir zip -r content.zip content 
  adding: content/ (stored 0%)
  adding: content/file.zip (stored 0%)
  adding: content/file.txt (deflated 100%)
➜  newDir ls
content  content.zip

• unzip(解压缩)
  unzip <archive-to-extract.zip>对.zip文档进行解压
  在解压之前，可以使用unzip -l <archive-to-extract.zip>
  命令查看文件内容

// 因为解压的时候会有命名冲突，因此将content.zip移动到content下进行操作
➜  newDir mv content.zip content/
➜  newDir ls
content
➜  newDir cd content 
➜  content ls
content.zip  file.txt  file.zip
➜  content unzip -l content.zip 
Archive:  content.zip
  Length      Date    Time    Name
---------  ---------- -----   ----
        0  2016-12-10 13:20   content/
      193  2016-12-10 13:20   content/file.zip
    10240  2016-12-10 13:05   content/file.txt
---------                     -------
    10433                     3 files
➜  content unzip content.zip 
Archive:  content.zip
   creating: content/
 extracting: content/file.zip        
  inflating: content/file.txt        
➜  content ls
content  content.zip  file.txt  file.zip

• tree
  tree 树形显示当前目录结构

➜  ~ cd newDir 
➜  newDir tree
.
└── content
    ├── content
    │   ├── file.txt
    │   └── file.zip
    ├── content.zip
    ├── file.txt
    └── file.zip

2 directories, 5 files

感受

参数学习需要在实际中学习总结。