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iOS 动画(core Animation) 一

2016-07-07  本文已影响691人  健健锅

最近搞了几个iOS的动画效果,但是一直还没有整体的总结一下.今天来大概的理一下思路:
我们动画用到的框架有哪些 1.core Animation (核心动画) 2.quartzCore(2d绘图,CALAyer图层)两个.
今天主要来说一下core animation
coreAnimation 中可以直接使用的类有这么几个:
  CABasicAnimation
  CAKeyframeAnimation
  CATransition
  CAAnimationGroup
  CASpringAnimation

1.CABasicAnimation可以设定keyPath的起点,终点的值,动画会沿着设定点进行移动,CABasicAnimation有点类似CAKeyFrameAnimation 但是不如他强大。
简单使用

- (void)animaton{
    CABasicAnimation * animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];//position属性发生动画
    animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(300, 100)];//动画要去的点
    animation.duration = 2.0;//时间
  [self.viewA.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"weiyi" ];//添加动画  weiyi 是自定义的标识
}

这是位置偏移的效果


7月-07-2016 13-28-48.gif
- (void)animaton{
       CABasicAnimation * animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"backgroundColor"];//修改背景颜色
    animation.toValue = (id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor;
    animation.duration = 2.0;
    self.viewA.layer.anchorPoint = CGPointMake(0, 1);

    [self.viewA.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"weiyi" ];

}

//CATransform3D Key Paths : (example)transform.rotation.z 
//rotation.x
 //rotation.y 
//rotation.z 
//rotation 旋轉
 //scale.x 
//scale.y 
//scale.z 
//scale 缩放 
//translation.x
 //translation.y
 //translation.z
 //translation 平移
 //CGPoint Key Paths : (example)position.x
 //x
 //y
 //CGRect Key Paths : (example)bounds.size.width
 //origin.x 
//origin.y 
//origin
 //size.width
 //size.height 
//size 
//opacity 
//backgroundColor
 //cornerRadius  
//borderWidth 
//contents 
 //Shadow Key Path: 
//shadowColor 
 //shadowOffset 
 //shadowOpacity 
 //shadowRadius

可以移动化的形式修改这些属性

2.CAKeyframeAnimation
这个就是沿着曲线运动 他可以和上面一样 直接修改position 改变位置
同样也可以通过某些特定的曲线

- (void)keyanimation{
   CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
    CGPathMoveToPoint(path, Nil, 0, 0);
    CGPathAddCurveToPoint(path, Nil, 300, 250, 300, 400, 0, 720);//设置路径
    CAKeyframeAnimation  * animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
    animation.path = path;//匹配路径
    animation.duration = 3.0;
    animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; 
    [self.viewA.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"dddd"];
}

3.CATransition 转场动画

转场动画,比UIVIew转场动画具有更多的动画效果,比如Nav的默认Push视图的效果就是通过CATransition的kCATransitionPush类型来实现。
  CAKeyframeAnimation的重要属性:

type:过渡动画的类型

type的enum值如下:
 kCATransitionFade 渐变
 kCATransitionMoveIn 覆盖 
kCATransitionPush 推出 
kCATransitionReveal 揭开

还有一些私有动画类型,效果很炫酷,不过不推荐使用。
  私有动画类型的值有:"cube"、"suckEffect"、"oglFlip"、 "rippleEffect"、"pageCurl"、"pageUnCurl"等等。

subtype: 过渡动画的方向

subtype的enum值如下: 
kCATransitionFromRight 从右边 
kCATransitionFromLeft 从左边
 kCATransitionFromTop 从顶部 
kCATransitionFromBottom 从底部
- (void)transitionAni {
 CATransition * ani = [CATransition animation]; 
ani.type = kCATransitionFade;
 ani.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft; 
ani.duration = 1.5; 
self.centerShow.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Raffle"]; 

[self.centerShow.layer addAnimation:ani forKey:@"transitionAni"];
}

4.CASpringAnimation
CASpringAnimation是iOS9新加入动画类型,是CABasicAnimation的子类,用于实现弹簧动画。
  CASpringAnimation的重要属性:

mass:质量(影响弹簧的惯性,质量越大,弹簧惯性越大,运动的幅度越大)
  stiffness:弹性系数(弹性系数越大,弹簧的运动越快)
  damping:阻尼系数(阻尼系数越大,弹簧的停止越快)
  initialVelocity:初始速率(弹簧动画的初始速度大小,弹簧运动的初始方向与初始速率的正负一致,若初始速率为0,表示忽略该属性)
  settlingDuration:结算时间(根据动画参数估算弹簧开始运动到停止的时间,动画设置的时间最好根据此时间来设置)

- (void)springAni {
 CASpringAnimation * ani = [CASpringAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"bounds"]; 
ani.mass = 10.0; //质量,影响图层运动时的弹簧惯性,质量越大,弹簧拉伸和压缩的幅度越大
 ani.stiffness = 5000; //刚度系数(劲度系数/弹性系数),刚度系数越大,形变产生的力就越大,运动越快 
ani.damping = 100.0;//阻尼系数,阻止弹簧伸缩的系数,阻尼系数越大,停止越快 ani.initialVelocity = 5.f;//初始速率,动画视图的初始速度大小;速率为正数时,速度方向与运动方向一致,速率为负数时,速度方向与运动方向相反
 ani.duration = ani.settlingDuration; 
ani.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:self.centerShow.bounds]; 
ani.removedOnCompletion = NO; 
ani.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
 ani.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; 
[self.cartCenter.layer addAnimation:ani forKey:@"boundsAni"];}

5.CAAnimationGroup

使用Group可以将多个动画合并一起加入到层中,Group中所有动画并发执行,可以方便地实现需要多种类型动画的场景。

以实现视图的position、bounds和opacity改变的组合动画为例

- (void)groupAni { 
CABasicAnimation * posAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"]; 
posAni.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:self.centerShow.center]; CABasicAnimation * opcAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"opacity"];
 opcAni.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0]; 
opcAni.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.7]; 
CABasicAnimation * bodAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"bounds"]; 
bodAni.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:self.centerShow.bounds]; CAAnimationGroup * groupAni = [CAAnimationGroup animation]; groupAni.animations = @[posAni, opcAni, bodAni];
 groupAni.duration = 1.0; 
groupAni.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; 
groupAni.removedOnCompletion = NO;
 groupAni.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]; [self.cartCenter.layer addAnimation:groupAni forKey:@"groupAni"];
}
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