Linux/CentOS 7环境MySQL安装步骤（源码方式）

1. 安装MySQL

CentOS7将默认数据库MySQL替换成了Mariadb，如果想继续使用MySQL需要先卸载Mariadb再安装MySQL。

1. 下载MySQL源码压缩包
   假设下载后的文件名是mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 卸载系统自带的Mariadb
   切换到root用户，查询出已安装的mariadb并卸载

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64

3. 删除etc目录下的my.cnf文件并重新创建

[root@localhost ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
skip-name-resolve
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
max_connections=200
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M

4. 创建mysql用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M mysql

5. 将MySQL安装包mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz上传到/usr/local/目录下，然后解压安装包。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

6. 将解压后的文件夹建立一个名为mysql的软链接

[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

7. 将perl-Data-Dumper的RPM安装包上传到/usr/local/目录下，然后安装，后面执行安装数据库脚本时需要这个依赖库

[root@localhost local]# rpm -ivh perl-Data-Dumper-2.154-1.of.el7.x86_64.rpm

8. 创建目录并将其用户设置为mysql

[root@localhost local]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

9. 修改mysql安装包解压后的目录拥有者为mysql，执行安装数据库脚本

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

2. 配置MySQL

设置开机自启动服务控制脚本

1. 复制启动脚本到资源目录

[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

2. 增加mysqld服务控制脚本执行权限

[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

3. 将mysqld服务加入到系统服务并且开机自启动

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

4. 启动mysqld服务

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

5. 查看mysqld服务状态

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

6. 将mysql的bin目录加入PATH环境变量

[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

7. 以root账户登陆mysql，默认密码是空

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p

8. 设置root账户密码，比如密码设置为123456

mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=password('123456') WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

9. 设置root账户远程主机登录，比如密码设置为123456

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> EXIT

10. 把MySQL服务加入到防火墙例外规则

[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --zone=public --permanent
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload