Unity保存与加载

1、创建Save对象并存储当前游戏状态信息

    private Save CreateSaveGO()
    {
        //新建Save对象
        Save save = new Save();
        //遍历所有的target
        //如果其中有处于激活状态的怪物，就把该target的位置信息和激活状态的怪物的类型添加到List中
        foreach (GameObject targetGO in targetGOs)
        {
            TargetManager targetManager = targetGO.GetComponent<TargetManager>();
            if (targetManager.activeMonster != null)
            {
                save.livingTargetPositions.Add(targetManager.targetPosition);
                int type = targetManager.activeMonster.GetComponent<MonsterManager>().monsterType;
                save.livingMonsterTypes.Add(type);
            }
        }
        //把shootNum和score保存在Save对象中
        save.shootNum = UIManager._instance.shootNum;
        save.score = UIManager._instance.score;
        //返回该Save对象
        return save;
    }

2、通过读档信息重置我们的游戏状态（分数、激活状态的怪物）

    private void SetGame(Save save)
    {
        //先将所有的targrt里面的怪物清空，并重置所有的计时
        foreach(GameObject targetGO in targetGOs)
        {
            targetGO.GetComponent<TargetManager>().UpdateMonsters();
        }
        //通过反序列化得到的Save对象中存储的信息，激活指定的怪物
        for(int i = 0; i < save.livingTargetPositions.Count; i++)
        {
            int position = save.livingTargetPositions[i];
            int type = save.livingMonsterTypes[i];
            targetGOs[position].GetComponent<TargetManager>().ActivateMonsterByType(type);
        }

        //更新UI显示
        UIManager._instance.shootNum = save.shootNum;
        UIManager._instance.score = save.score;
        //调整为未暂停状态
        UnPause();
    }

3、存储：

二进制方法：存档和读档

    private void SaveByBin()
    {
        //序列化过程（将Save对象转换为字节流）
        //创建Save对象并保存当前游戏状态
        Save save = CreateSaveGO();
        //创建一个二进制格式化程序
        BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
        //创建一个文件流
        FileStream fileStream = File.Create(Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byBin.txt");
        //用二进制格式化程序的序列化方法来序列化Save对象,参数：创建的文件流和需要序列化的对象
        bf.Serialize(fileStream, save);
        //关闭流
        fileStream.Close();

        //如果文件存在，则显示保存成功
        if (File.Exists(Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byBin.txt"))
        {
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("保存成功");
        }
    }

    private void LoadByBin()
    {
        if(File.Exists(Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byBin.txt"))
        {
            //反序列化过程
            //创建一个二进制格式化程序
            BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter();
            //打开一个文件流
            FileStream fileStream = File.Open(Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byBin.txt", FileMode.Open);
            //调用格式化程序的反序列化方法，将文件流转换为一个Save对象
            Save save = (Save)bf.Deserialize(fileStream);
            //关闭文件流
            fileStream.Close();

            SetGame(save);
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("");

        }
        else
        {
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("存档文件不存在");
        }
    }

XML：存档和读档

    private void SaveByXml()
    {
        Save save = CreateSaveGO();
        //创建XML文件的存储路径
        string filePath = Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byXML.txt";
        //创建XML文档
        XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
        //创建根节点，即最上层节点
        XmlElement root = xmlDoc.CreateElement("save");
        //设置根节点中的值
        root.SetAttribute("name", "saveFile1");

        //创建XmlElement
        XmlElement target;
        XmlElement targetPosition;
        XmlElement monsterType;

        //遍历save中存储的数据，将数据转换成XML格式
        for(int i = 0; i < save.livingTargetPositions.Count; i++)
        {
            target = xmlDoc.CreateElement("target");
            targetPosition = xmlDoc.CreateElement("targetPosition");
            //设置InnerText值
            targetPosition.InnerText = save.livingTargetPositions[i].ToString();
            monsterType = xmlDoc.CreateElement("monsterType");
            monsterType.InnerText = save.livingMonsterTypes[i].ToString();

            //设置节点间的层级关系 root -- target -- (targetPosition, monsterType)
            target.AppendChild(targetPosition);
            target.AppendChild(monsterType);
            root.AppendChild(target);
        }

        //设置射击数和分数节点并设置层级关系  xmlDoc -- root --(target-- (targetPosition, monsterType), shootNum, score)
        XmlElement shootNum = xmlDoc.CreateElement("shootNum");
        shootNum.InnerText = save.shootNum.ToString();
        root.AppendChild(shootNum);

        XmlElement score = xmlDoc.CreateElement("score");
        score.InnerText = save.score.ToString();
        root.AppendChild(score);

        xmlDoc.AppendChild(root);
        xmlDoc.Save(filePath);

        if(File.Exists(Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byXML.txt"))
        {
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("保存成功");
        }
    }


    private void LoadByXml()
    {
        string filePath = Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byXML.txt";
        if(File.Exists(filePath))
        {
            Save save = new Save();
            //加载XML文档
            XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
            xmlDoc.Load(filePath);

            //通过节点名称来获取元素，结果为XmlNodeList类型
            XmlNodeList targets = xmlDoc.GetElementsByTagName("target");
            //遍历所有的target节点，并获得子节点和子节点的InnerText
            if(targets.Count != 0)
            {
                foreach(XmlNode target in targets)
                {
                    XmlNode targetPosition = target.ChildNodes[0];
                    int targetPositionIndex = int.Parse(targetPosition.InnerText);
                    //把得到的值存储到save中
                    save.livingTargetPositions.Add(targetPositionIndex);

                    XmlNode monsterType = target.ChildNodes[1];
                    int monsterTypeIndex = int.Parse(monsterType.InnerText);
                    save.livingMonsterTypes.Add(monsterTypeIndex);
                }
            }
            
            //得到存储的射击数和分数
            XmlNodeList shootNum = xmlDoc.GetElementsByTagName("shootNum");
            int shootNumCount = int.Parse(shootNum[0].InnerText);
            save.shootNum = shootNumCount;

            XmlNodeList score = xmlDoc.GetElementsByTagName("score");
            int scoreCount = int.Parse(score[0].InnerText);
            save.score = scoreCount;

            SetGame(save);
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("");

        }
        else
        {
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("存档文件不存在");
        }
    }

JSON:存档和读档

    private void SaveByJson()
    {
        Save save = CreateSaveGO();
        string filePath = Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byJson.json";
        //利用JsonMapper将save对象转换为Json格式的字符串
        string saveJsonStr = JsonMapper.ToJson(save);
        //将这个字符串写入到文件中
        //创建一个StreamWriter，并将字符串写入文件中
        StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(filePath);
        sw.Write(saveJsonStr);
        //关闭StreamWriter
        sw.Close();

        UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("保存成功");
    }

    private void LoadByJson()
    { 
        string filePath = Application.dataPath + "/StreamingFile" + "/byJson.json";
        if(File.Exists(filePath))
        {
            //创建一个StreamReader，用来读取流
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(filePath);
            //将读取到的流赋值给jsonStr
            string jsonStr = sr.ReadToEnd();
            //关闭
            sr.Close();

            //将字符串jsonStr转换为Save对象
            Save save = JsonMapper.ToObject<Save>(jsonStr);
            SetGame(save);
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("");
        }
        else
        {
            UIManager._instance.ShowMessage("存档文件不存在");
        }
    }