Peak 314 Mental Phenomenon

This section outlines some issues that have already been addressed in psychiatric research. The core of anthropology is the lowest level of subjective spirit, which is an undifferentiated unity. However, at the level of consciousness and phenomenology, the subjective mind encounters an object, and our human consciousness can already distinguish between self and non self. Then, I encounter myself in self-awareness, and finally the subject rises to a universal self-awareness. He recognizes time, he recognizes other versions of me, different from me, and like me, they are him and me.

In this regard, they are different from me, but like me, they are also a subject. So, Hegel talked about this point, where we realize that other selves are both different from us and unique to us. At this point, consciousness and self-awareness are unified at the highest level of consciousness, which is the understanding of me and you. At this point, I have not yet entered self-awareness.

You are an other, an object to me, but when I say I see you in you, you are also a subject. At this point, we already have it, because at the beginning, we were only reflecting on ourselves and having self-awareness. But when I see another me, who is actually both different and the same as me, we actually use Hegelian jargon to call consciousness and self-awareness unified.

Because it's simple, consciousness simply means having an object, and of course self-awareness is about one's own consciousness..

The third part of the philosophy of self subjectivity is called spirit, which considers that some spirits are themselves forces or universal patterns, and we no longer care about the spiritual soul of sleep, nor do we care about the subjects related to self and object. We obtain the spirit itself from the limited spirit at a higher level than the soul.

In a sense, what we are concerned about now is psychology, which reminds us of experiential psychology. However, psychology originated in Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in German philosophy. It is philosophy, and in fact, it is a part of philosophy, which is far from the psychology we commonly use today. Here, psychology is not empirical psychology, but a dialectical deduction of the concepts of the logical successive stages of the activity of the finite mind itself. Here, psychology can even be said to be conceptual dialectics.

Hegel studied finite spirit and psychology in both theory and practice. In terms of theory, he is very meticulous in handling intuition, memory, imagination, and thinking, while in practice, he considers our human emotional impulses and wills.

The final conclusion is that the free will of reality is the unity of theoretical spirit and practical spirit, as well as free will. He spoke of realizing his free will as a free and rational will. Eventually realizing oneself.

In the end, consciousness develops towards self-awareness, realizing that I am a free and rational will.

Spirit is the rational will. And this is actually included in Kant's thought. Finally, Hegel said that several continents in Africa and the East have never had ideas, and even now there are none. The ancient Greeks, Romans Plato and Aristotle, only knew that people who are wise in philosophy due to their birth or strong character, even as slaves and in their families, are free, while reality is free.

From ancient times to the Stoic school, people knew at most that our human reality is free. For example, for Plato and Aristotle, our human reality is free. Furthermore, he said that in the Stoic school, due to our strong character, education, and pursuit of philosophical research, even if we are sold into slavery and imprisoned, we are still free.

However, he has not yet realized freedom, and true freedom is that we are a free will. He said they didn't realize that until ancient times, people only believed that we could be free in any situation, and it had nothing to do with whether we lost our physical freedom. However, they didn't see freedom as an idea or a will. They didn't see it.

Hegel said that the concept of freedom emerged and developed as Christianity, and according to Christianity, individuals have infinite value as individuals. Human beings are destined to achieve the highest freedom, and the realization of this freedom is a key idea of Hegel's historical philosophy.

He is right, to a large extent, and we Chinese all know that Yan Fu also knew that the word freedom was used together in our country. As a phrase, there is something, but it is not the consciousness of freedom and liberty. He was very confused and said, is there freedom in China?

He said that although there is no such word, there are still some meanings. For example, for our Chinese people, freedom of will, freedom of speech, freedom of thought, and the like, he gave many examples. However, what we Chinese people use to determine people as a subject is bound to be free. It is not like the Christian saying that he cannot be free.

So, Westerners say that as for them, people have a purpose and are destined to achieve the highest level of freedom. I think it is difficult for Chinese people to understand this level. There is no way to do this. As for what we Chinese people would say, it is too abstract. What is meant to be free? I am now free.

What Hegel wants us to distinguish is the freedom of reality. No one cares about us, we can do whatever we want. We humans consider ourselves destined to be free. Freedom is our fate, the essence of being human. Without freedom, we are not human, and this is not a one-time thing. It has something to do with it, but there are essential differences. We Chinese people enjoy a lot of the concept of freedom, and it will take time for us to identify with it or absorb it. That is, we need to extract some factors from the traditional Chinese thinking. Only when we can combine with it can we improve.

Otherwise, it's just nonsense. Can a person be free? How can a person be free? They have to be subject to many constraints. Westerners are aware that people are subject to various constraints when they come into the world. Of course, they are aware of this, but they have predetermined it as the essence of a person a priori. That is to say, Hegel said he had predetermined a priori that humans are like this, otherwise you would not be human. Westerners would think that if a person sells their freedom, it is like selling themselves as a human being, which is very different.

Sometimes reading works of various Western ideas, literature, and art is worth pondering.

So, in the end, we need to talk about the philosophy of history.

So, some people may say that Hegel didn't know that history is full of violence, darkness, killing, and barbarism. He would certainly know that the French Revolution happened right under his nose. He would certainly know that even if he lived to this day and experienced the tragedies of the Second Incident, he would still say that because it was the realization of an idea.

Whether empirical facts can prove him or not is two separate things. Only those with some philosophical literacy can understand him. Why do many people always curse Hegel?

Because you haven't reached his level of thinking, you argue with him. As Hegel, I can only smile bitterly at you. I can't explain it to you. I'm talking about ideas, but you must tell me that you want to prove history. How can you prove it?

Philosophy of law is an absolute objectification of itself, expressing itself in nature. Therefore, the spirit of freedom also emerges from its internal state and needs to be objectified to express itself. This is objectivity.

Objective factors first manifest in the field of law, where people realize the subjectivity of their freedom. As the essence of the spirit of freedom, they must give themselves an external realm of freedom.

It's actually quite simple. If we want to understand him from an experiential perspective, it's also simple, free to speak within a person's scope. Of course, his inner expression is his inner spirit. The problem is that we humans actually have to live with countless others, and it must manifest as an external realm of freedom, where freedom is destined to reach the highest level of freedom.

Internally, we cannot give up our freedom of thought and will at any time. Externally, we must establish a free human society, which is exactly what he is talking about.

Then, spiritual philosophy discusses the previous part, our inner spiritual world, while legal philosophy discusses how we can have a free realm or an external free realm outside of ourselves.

Hegel also started from the perspective of personality. If a person can reflect themselves in the external realm, they must be able to express their will in the realm of objective material things. Because I'm at home alone and I'm thinking about something, you can't show it.

Your freedom is for you, and I can think and wish for it. However, in the external world and human society, our freedom is primarily achieved through expressing our will in the realm of material things.

We humans first need to possess our own private property. I can implement my will in material things. For example, if someone else's computer does not belong to me, I cannot implement my will. I cannot destroy it at will, and I can give it to him at will. On the contrary, the bag on my body, I say it belongs to me, which means I can implement my will at will. I can set it on fire for no reason now, or I can take it if you want it, or I can express my will to the bag without giving any reason.

Even I can transfer it, don't give the bag to you, of course, after giving it away, you will be the owner of the bag, and you can handle his will at will. Sorry, I have already withdrawn my will from the bag.

Our external freedom, first of all, is related to the political economy of Britain. The modern political class starts with the property system. People who have freedom should have property, and without property, there is no freedom. The reason why I cannot take any action on others' computers is because I can observe my will, which is their property, not mine.