编写Java程序使用XSD校验XML文档

本文介绍如何通过编写Java程序来使用XSD(XML Schema Definition)文档来校验XML(EXtensible Markup Language)文档。

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现有book.xml和book.xsd，通过编写Java程序来使用book.xsd去校验book.xml。

book.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<booklist xmlns="http://www.rcnjtech.com/book"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.rcnjtech.com/book book.xsd">
    <book>
        <name>Java</name>
        <author>Tom</author>
        <number>20</number>
        <id>123456789012345678</id>
    </book>
    <book>
        <name>C</name>
        <author>Jack</author>
        <number>51</number>
        <id>987654321012345678</id>
    </book>
</booklist>

book.xsd:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            targetNamespace="http://www.rcnjtech.com/book"
            xmlns="http://www.rcnjtech.com/book"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xsd:element name="booklist" type="BOOKLIST"/>
    <xsd:complexType name="BOOKLIST">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="book" type="BOOK" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
    </xsd:complexType>
    <xsd:complexType name="BOOK">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
            <xsd:element name="author" type="xsd:string"/>
            <xsd:element name="number" type="xsd:positiveInteger"/>
            <xsd:element name="id" type="ID"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
    </xsd:complexType>
    <xsd:simpleType name="ID">
        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
            <xsd:pattern value="\d{18}"/>
        </xsd:restriction>
    </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema>

ValidateXmlWithXsd.java:

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;

/**
 * 使用XSD校验XML
 *
 * @author RCNJTECH
 * @date 2017/12/3
 */
public class ValidateXmlWithXsd {

    /**
     * 校验方法
     *
     * @param xmlFilePath XML文件路径
     * @param xsdFilePath XSD文件路径
     */
    public static void validate(String xmlFilePath, String xsdFilePath) {
        try {
            // 创建SchemaFactory实例
            SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
            // 通过向SchemaFactory实例传入XSD文件流创建Schema
            Schema schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(new StreamSource(xsdFilePath));
            // 通过Schema实例构造校验器
            Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
            // 向validate()传入XML文件流
            validator.validate(new StreamSource(xmlFilePath));
            System.out.println("Validate Successfully!");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("Validate Unsuccessfully!");
        }
    }

    /**
     * main()进行测试
     *
     * @param args null
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String xmlFilePath = "D:\\IdeaProjects\\XML\\src\\book.xml";
        String xsdFilePath = "D:\\IdeaProjects\\XML\\src\\book.xsd";
        ValidateXmlWithXsd.validate(xmlFilePath, xsdFilePath);
    }
}

运行程序后，毫无疑问地将通过验证，即：

Validate Successfully!

在book.xml文档中，若将标签book的子标签number的值改成负数，即如：

<book>
        <name>Java</name>
        <author>Tom</author>
        <number>-20</number>
        <id>123456789012345678</id>
</book>

运行后将有如下异常：

Validate Unsuccessfully!
org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:///D:/IdeaProjects/XML/src/book.xml;
    lineNumber: 8; columnNumber: 29; cvc-minInclusive-valid:
    对于类型为 'positiveInteger' 的 minInclusive '1', 值 '-20' 不具有面有效性。
    at com.rcnjtech.service.ValidateXmlWithXsd.validate(ValidateXmlWithXsd.java:32)
    at com.rcnjtech.service.ValidateXmlWithXsd.main(ValidateXmlWithXsd.java:48)