yum 安装lamp环境配置根目录、别名、虚拟目录、用户认证登录

配置web服务器-搭建LAMP环境
修改web网站根目录-配置别名-虚拟目录
实现apache打开软链接功能-禁止显示目录列表-用户认证
apache虚拟主机基于-IP-域名-端口三种搭建方式

LAMP=linux apache Mysql PHP中的Apache （httpd）

1.LAMP工作原理

image.png

2.web服务器的工作模式和端口

工作模式是：B/S 模式
工作端口是：
正常端口:80/http
SSL 端口 443/https

3.安装：

yum 搭建LAMP环境

LAMP=linux + apache + mysql + php
yum -y install httpd mariadb mariadb-server php php-mysql

httpd配置文件

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

重启服务

systemctl start httpd
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

查看端口

netstat -antp | grep httpd
netstat -antp| grep mysql
[root@localhost html]# netstat -antp | grep httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      2709/httpd          
[root@localhost html]# netstat -antp| grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2558/mysqld

初始化数据库

mysql_secure_installation
登录测试
mysql -u root -p
mysql> show databases;
mysql>exit;

测试php

vim /var/www/htmlindex.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

配置

[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
</IfModule>

重启httpd
systemctl restart httpd

4.httpd配置文件详解

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"       #httpd服务的根目录
Listen 80                       #监听端口，默认本地 IP，如果指定 ip 写上 IP:80
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf    #当前目录下conf.modules.d 这个目录下所有conf文件都生效
Options FollowSymLinks      #Options Indexes 目录浏览FollowSymLinks 用连接
浏览 #注释该行可避免index.php insex.html文件不存在时，客户端无法访问网站根目录而保护网站数据的安全
AllowOverride None          #设置为 none，忽略.htaccess
Include conf.d/*.conf           #conf.d 里面的 conf 文件也属有效配置文件
User apache                 #运行以哪个身份运行
Group apache                #运行以哪个组的身份运行
ServerAdmin root@localhost  #管理员邮箱
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"        #默认的主目录，如果改动要改动两处，Directory
<Directory "/var/www/html"> 
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None
</Directory>
LogLevel warn               #日志等级
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8     #支持的语言，默认编码
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.php #配置网站默认首页
</IfModule>

5.指定网站默认根目录、配置网站别名及虚拟目录

指定网站默认根目录

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/bbs/" #指定目录为/var/www/html/bbs

#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html/bbs">

使用别名，引用网站根目录以外的路径
/usr/local/phpdata/ 即访问ip/phpdata/指向/usr/local/phpdata/目录

[root@localhost bbs]# mkdir /usr/local/phpdata
[root@localhost bbs]# cd !$
cd /usr/local/phpdata
[root@localhost phpdata]# vim index.html

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Alias /phpdata/ "/usr/local/phpdata/"
<Directory  "/usr/local/phpdata">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

重启httpd服务测试

6.设置网站需登录才可访问

设置/usr/local/phpdata/目录，只能通过用户名密码方式访问。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
</Directory>
Alias /phpdata/ "/usr/local/phpdata/"
<Directory  "/usr/local/phpdata">
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
authtype basic
        authname "my web site"
        authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf/passwd.secret
        require valid-user
</Directory>

[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/conf/passwd.secret yundd
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user yundd
[root@localhost ~]# htpasswd -m /etc/httpd/conf/passwd.secret 
spider #创建第二个用户时去掉-c参数，可通过htpasswd -L命令查看
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user spider'

添加允许登录的用户及密码

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/passwd.secret
yundd:$apr1$fW6kv/Id$d.O6Mxa9tTR.4aMhaBs6t.
spider:$apr1$VbSzGLOm$ToOz.hRqIEEK16erGsteW1
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

测试

7.基于域名-ip-端口访问网站

基于域名访问
windows客户端添加解析记录
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
[root@localhost conf]# vim ip.conf

<ViretualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host-example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/
ServerName www.yunko1.cn
ErrorLog logs/www.yunko1.cn-error_log
</ViretualHost>
<ViretualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/yundd/
ServerName bbs.yunko1.cn
ErrorLog logs/bbs.yunko1.cn-error_log
CustomLog logs/bbs.yunko1.cn-access_log common
</ViretualHost>

测试

基于ip访问

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.0.12 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/yundd
[root@localhost ~]# cd !$
cd /var/www/html/yundd
[root@localhost yundd]# vim index.html
[root@localhost yundd]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/ip.conf

配置ip.conf

<ViretualHost 10.0.0.6:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host-example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
</ViretualHost>
<ViretualHost 10.0.0.11:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/yundd/
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
</ViretualHost>

测试

基于端口访问
[root@localhost conf]# vim ip.conf

<ViretualHost 10.0.0.6:8080>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host-example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
</ViretualHost>
<ViretualHost 10.0.0.13:8082>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/yundd/
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
</ViretualHost>

[root@localhost conf]# vim httpd.conf

#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 10.0.0.6:8080
Listen 10.0.0.13:8082
#

测试