20230422--从dmidecode命令看硬件信息
dmidecode是一个分析BIOS DMI（Basic Input Output System Desktop Management Interface）数据的工具；用于在Linux下获取硬件信息，遵循SMBIOS/DMI标准，可获取包括BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等硬件信息。
BIOS DMI充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI的主要组成部分是Management Information Format(MIF)数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过DMI，用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。
# yum provides "*/dmidecode"
Last metadata expiration check: 15:04:45 ago on Tue 18 Apr 2023 02:12:56 AM CST.
dmidecode-1:3.3-4.el8.x86_64 : Tool to analyse BIOS DMI data
Repo : @System
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/sbin/dmidecode
Filename : /usr/share/doc/dmidecode
Filename : /usr/share/licenses/dmidecode
1.dmidecode命令说明
# dmidecode --help
Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS]
Options are:
-d, --dev-mem FILE Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem)
##从设备文件读取信息，输出内容与不加参数标准输出相同
-h, --help Display this help text and exit
-q, --quiet Less verbose output
## -q 打印所有硬件信息，最小的详细输出
-s, --string KEYWORD Only display the value of the given DMI string
##只显示指定DMI字符串的信息
-t, --type TYPE Only display the entries of given type
##只显示指定类型的信息
-H, --handle HANDLE Only display the entry of given handle
-u, --dump Do not decode the entries
##显示未解码的原始条目内容
--dump-bin FILE Dump the DMI data to a binary file
##将DMI数据转储到一个二进制文件中
--from-dump FILE Read the DMI data from a binary file
##从一个二进制文件读取DMI数据
--no-sysfs Do not attempt to read DMI data from sysfs files
--oem-string N Only display the value of the given OEM string
-V, --version Display the version and exit
# dmidecode -t --help
Invalid type keyword: --help
Valid type keywords are:
bios # 查看BIOS相关的硬件信息
system # 查看系统相关的硬件信息
baseboard # 查看主板相关的硬件信息
chassis # 查看机箱相关的硬件信息
processor # 查看处理器相关的硬件信息
memory # 查看内存相关的硬件信息
cache # 查看缓存相关的硬件信息
connector # 查看连接器（鼠标、键盘等）相关的硬件信息
slot # 查看槽位相关的硬件信息
dmidecode -t同时支持数字参数；即dmidecode -t 0等效于dmidecode -t bios。
Type Information
--------------------------------------------
0 BIOS BIOS 信息
1 System 系统信息
2 Baseboard 基板（或模块）信息
3 Chassis 系统外围或底架
4 Processor 处理器信息
5 Memory Controller 存储控制器信息
6 Memory Module 存储模块信息
7 Cache 调整缓存信息
8 Port Connector 端口连接器信息
9 System Slots 系统插槽
10 On Board Devices 板载设备信息
11 OEM Strings OEM 字符串
12 System Configuration Options 系统配置选项
13 BIOS Language BIOS 语言信息
14 Group Associations 组相联
15 System Event Log 系统事件日志
16 Physical Memory Array 物理存储阵列
17 Memory Device 存储设备
18 32-bit Memory Error 32-bit内存错误信息
19 Memory Array Mapped Address 存储阵列映射地址
20 Memory Device Mapped Address 存储设备映射地址
21 Built-in Pointing Device 内建指针设备
22 Portable Battery 便携式电池
23 System Reset 系统重置
24 Hardware Security 硬件安全
25 System Power Controls 系统电源控制
26 Voltage Probe 电压探针
27 Cooling Device 冷却设备
28 Temperature Probe 温度传感器
29 Electrical Current Probe 电流探头
30 Out-of-band Remote Access 越界远程访问
31 Boot Integrity Services 引导完整性服务
32 System Boot 系统引导信息
33 64-bit Memory Error 64-bit内存错误信息
34 Management Device 管理设备
35 Management Device Component 管理设备组件
36 Management Device Threshold Data 管理设备门槛数据
37 Memory Channel 存储信道
38 IPMI Device IPMI 设备信息
39 Power Supply 系统供电电源
40 Additional Information 附加信息
41 Onboard Devices Extended Information 板载设备扩展信息
42 Management Controller Host Interface 管理控制器主机接口
126 不活动指示
127 表格结束指示
2.dmidecode输出的硬件信息
# dmidecode -q
//BIOS相关的硬件信息
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD # 厂商
Version: 6.00 # 版本号
Release Date: 07/29/2019
Address: 0xEA480
Runtime Size: 88960 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
Smart battery is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Function key-initiated network boot is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 4.6
Firmware Revision: 0.0
//系统相关的硬件信息
System Information
Manufacturer: VMware, Inc. # 厂商
Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform # 服务器型号
Version: None # 版本号
Serial Number: VMware-56 4d b1 0e 3a 0f 76 8e-24 f1 20 a6 bb e2 b7 d2 # 主板序列号
UUID: 0eb14d56-0f3a-8e76-24f1-20a6bbe2b7d2 # UUID
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: Not Specified
Family: Not Specified
//基板（或模块）信息
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
Product Name: 440BX Desktop Reference Platform
Version: None
Serial Number: None
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Features: None
Location In Chassis: Not Specified
Type: Unknown
//机箱相关的硬件信息
Chassis Information
Manufacturer: No Enclosure
Type: Other
Lock: Not Present
Version: N/A
Serial Number: None
Asset Tag: No Asset Tag
Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe
Thermal State: Safe
Security Status: None
OEM Information: 0x00001234
Height: Unspecified
Number Of Power Cords: Unspecified
Contained Elements: 0
//处理器1相关的硬件信息
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU #000
Type: Central Processor
Family: Unknown
Manufacturer: GenuineIntel
ID: E3 06 04 00 FF FB 8B 0F
Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6200U CPU @ 2.30GHz
Voltage: 3.3 V
External Clock: Unknown
Max Speed: 30000 MHz
Current Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: ZIF Socket
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 1
Core Enabled: 1
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Execute Protection
...多个处理器...
//处理器128相关的硬件信息
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU #127
Type: Central Processor
Family: Unknown
Manufacturer: GenuineIntel
ID: E3 06 00 00 FF FB 8B 0F
Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6200U CPU @ 2.30GHz
Voltage: 3.3 V
External Clock: Unknown
Max Speed: 30000 MHz
Current Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: Populated, Disabled By BIOS
Upgrade: ZIF Socket
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 1
Core Enabled: 1
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Execute Protection
//内存控制器相关的硬件信息
Memory Controller Information
Error Detecting Method: None
Error Correcting Capabilities:
None
Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB
Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB
Supported Speeds:
70 ns
60 ns
Supported Memory Types: ##支持的内存类型
FPM
EDO
DIMM
SDRAM
Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V
Associated Memory Slots: 15
0x0006
0x0007
0x0008
0x0009
0x000A
0x000B
0x000C
0x000D
0x000E
0x000F
0x0010
0x0011
0x0012
0x0013
0x0014
Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
None
//内存1相关的硬件信息
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #0
Bank Connections: None
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: EDO DIMM
Installed Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 1024 MB (Single-bank Connection) #当前内存1G
Error Status: OK
....
//内存15相关的硬件信息
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: RAM socket #14
Bank Connections: None
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: DIMM
Installed Size: Not Installed
Enabled Size: Not Installed
Error Status: OK
//缓存L1 1相关的硬件信息
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 16 kB
Maximum Size: 16 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
...
//缓存L1 128相关的硬件信息
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 16 kB
Maximum Size: 16 kB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
//缓存L2 1相关的硬件信息
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L2
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: External
Installed Size: 0 kB
Maximum Size: 24 MB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Burst
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
....
//缓存L2 128相关的硬件信息
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L2
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: External
Installed Size: 0 kB
Maximum Size: 24 MB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Burst
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown
//端口连接器1相关的硬件信息
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: J19
Internal Connector Type: 9 Pin Dual Inline (pin 10 cut)
External Reference Designator: COM 1 #COM口
External Connector Type: DB-9 male
Port Type: Serial Port 16550A Compatible
//端口连接器2相关的硬件信息
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: J23
Internal Connector Type: 25 Pin Dual Inline (pin 26 cut)
External Reference Designator: Parallel
External Connector Type: DB-25 female
Port Type: Parallel Port ECP/EPP
//端口连接器3相关的硬件信息
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: J11
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Keyboard #键盘
External Connector Type: Circular DIN-8 male
Port Type: Keyboard Port
//端口连接器4相关的硬件信息
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: J12
Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: PS/2 Mouse #鼠标
External Connector Type: Circular DIN-8 male
Port Type: Keyboard Port
//端口连接器4相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: ISA Slot J8
Type: 16-bit ISA
Current Usage: Unknown
Length: Short
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
Bus Address: 00ff:ff:1f.7
//槽位1相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: ISA Slot J9
Type: 16-bit ISA
Current Usage: Unknown
Length: Short
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
Bus Address: 00ff:ff:1f.7
//槽位2相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: ISA Slot J10
Type: 16-bit ISA
Current Usage: Unknown
Length: Short
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
Bus Address: 00ff:ff:1f.7
//槽位3相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Slot J11
Type: 32-bit PCI
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Long
ID: 1
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided
Bus Address: 0000:00:0f.0
//槽位4相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Slot J12
Type: 32-bit PCI
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Long
ID: 2
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided
Bus Address: 0000:00:10.0
//槽位5相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Slot J13
Type: 32-bit PCI
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Long
ID: 3
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided
Bus Address: 0000:00:11.0
//槽位6相关的硬件信息
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Slot J14
Type: 32-bit PCI
Current Usage: Available
Length: Long
ID: 4
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided
Bus Address: 0000:00:12.0
On Board Device 1 Information
Type: Video
Status: Disabled
Description: VMware SVGA II
On Board Device 2 Information
Type: Sound
Status: Disabled
Description: ES1371
OEM Strings
String 1: [MS_VM_CERT/SHA1/27d66596a61c48dd3dc7216fd715126e33f59ae7]
String 2: Welcome to the Virtual Machine
System Event Log
Area Length: 16 bytes
Header Start Offset: 0x0000
Header Length: 16 bytes
Data Start Offset: 0x0010
Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions
Access Address: 0x0000
Status: Invalid, Full
Change Token: 0x00000036
Header Format: Type 1
Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3
Descriptor 1: POST error
Data Format 1: POST results bitmap
Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 2: Multiple-event
Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 3: Multiple-event
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 3 GB
Number Of Devices: 64
//RAM（随机存取内存）内存1
Memory Device
Total Width: 32 bits
Data Width: 32 bits
Size: 1 GB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: RAM slot #0
Bank Locator: RAM slot #0
Type: DRAM
Type Detail: EDO
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: Not Specified
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Rank: Unknown
Configured Memory Speed: Unknown
//RAM内存2
Memory Device
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: RAM slot #1
Bank Locator: RAM slot #1
Type: DRAM
Type Detail: Unknown
...
//RAM内存64
Memory Device
Total Width: Unknown
Data Width: Unknown
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: RAM slot #63
Bank Locator: RAM slot #63
Type: DRAM
Type Detail: Unknown
//NVD内存1
Memory Device
Total Width: 32 bits
Data Width: 32 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: NVD #0
Bank Locator: NVD #0
Type: Other
Type Detail: Unknown
//NVD内存64
Memory Device
Total Width: 32 bits
Data Width: 32 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: NVD #63
Bank Locator: NVD #63
Type: Other
Type Detail: Unknown
32-bit Memory Error Information
Type: OK
Granularity: Unknown
Operation: Unknown
Vendor Syndrome: Unknown
Memory Array Address: Unknown
Device Address: Unknown
Resolution: Unknown
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0003FFFFFFF
Range Size: 1 GB
Partition Width: 64
//内存设备映射地址 1
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0003FFFFFFF
Range Size: 1 GB
Partition Row Position: Unknown
Interleave Position: Unknown
Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown
...
//内存设备映射地址 64
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x0003FFFFC00
Ending Address: 0x0003FFFFFFF
Range Size: 1 kB
Partition Row Position: Unknown
Interleave Position: Unknown
Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown
System Reset
Status: Enabled
Watchdog Timer: Present
Boot Option: Do Not Reboot
Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot
Reset Count: Unknown
Reset Limit: Unknown
Timer Interval: Unknown
Timeout: Unknown
Hardware Security
Power-On Password Status: Disabled
Keyboard Password Status: Unknown
Administrator Password Status: Enabled
Front Panel Reset Status: Unknown
Out-of-band Remote Access
Manufacturer Name: Intel
Inbound Connection: Enabled
Outbound Connection: Disabled
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected
64-bit Memory Error Information
Type: OK
Granularity: Unknown
Operation: Unknown
Vendor Syndrome: Unknown
Memory Array Address: Unknown
Device Address: Unknown
Resolution: Unknown
