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自编PHP框架一(数据库操作封装)

2016-06-07  本文已影响1572人  merjiezo

自编PHP框架之数据库PDO层封装和模型类部分方法的编写

如果你是喷子,问我造轮子花这么多精力有什么用的话,那就走,看看我的这篇文章 为什么我要写自己的框架?
框架所有的代码都在笔者的Github上做展示,并且有一个库存管理信息系统的实例,Github账号请看笔者简介

这是自编写框架的第一篇,之后计划写路由篇、小组件篇、工厂篇等

数据库操作可以说是网页应用程序的核心,他直接决定了你的程序是干什么的
看大标题,很明显的发现这是一篇和PDO封装有关系的文章,再一次感谢Yii2.0框架给我设计模式方面的启发。废话不多说,我们开始

封装分为两个类:Connection类 | Command类

首先,作为PHP,一个请求就会对应一个PHP线程,在这个大环境下,一个线程有多个数据库连接岂不是很浪费,因此,我运用单例模式让请求的整个生命周期内共享数据库连接

//Connection类
private static $_instance;

private function __construct() {}
private function __clone() {}
//单例
public static function getinstance() {
    if (!(self::$_instance instanceof self)) {
        self::$_instance = new self();
    }
    return self::$_instance;
}

//类被回收的时候调用,此时关闭数据库连接
public function __destruct() {
    $this->close();
}

有了单例模式之后我们就需要进行实际的连接数据库操作了
通过config配置数据库,运用PDO独特的语法dsn:

return [
    'dsn'      => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=dbname',
    'user'     => 'root',
    'password' => 'pass',
    'charset'  => 'utf8',

    'slaves' => [
        [
            'dsn'      => 'mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=dbname',
            'user'     => 'root',
            'password' => 'pass',
            'charset'  => 'utf8',
        ],
    ],
];

下面这些是Connection的变量,这个设计把从服务器所有的连接实例化都储存在一个私有变量中,统一进行管理

//实例化后数据库连接属性
public $connect;

private $db; //数据库连接信息

//服务器信息,私有属性
private $dsn;
private $user;
private $pass;
private $charset;

private $rightNowDb; //当前服务器信息私有属性的服务器名

private $PDOSlaves;  //从服务器实例化后数据库连接属性

获取数据库连接信息,一旦信息不完整

private function getInfo() {
    $this->db = require (dirname(__FILE__).'/../../config/db.php');
    if ($this->db['dsn'] && $this->db['user'] && $this->db['password']) {
        $this->dsn        = $this->db['dsn'];
        $this->user       = $this->db['user'];
        $this->pass       = $this->db['password'];
        $this->charset    = $this->db['charset']?$this->db['charset']:'utf8';
        $this->rightNowDb = 'master';
    } else {
        $this->err('One of the PDO::DB Parameter is empty!');
    }
}
private function err($err) {
    $err = 'ErrInfo: '.$err;
    LogWrite::getinstance()->IntoWhere('errordb')->Info($err)->execute();
    throw new Exception($err);
}

PDO连接方法,这就是PDO的连接方法,运用new PDO进行操作

private function nowConnect() {
    try {
        $connect = new PDO($this->dsn, $this->user, $this->pass);
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        $this->err($e->getMessage());
    }
    if (!$connect) {
        $this->err('PDO connect error');
    }
    $connect->exec('SET NAMES '.$this->charset);
    $connect->getAttribute(constant("PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION"));
    return $connect;
}

数据库关闭、数据库是否活跃方法(简单,直接贴代码,不做解释)

public function getConnect() {
    $this->getInfo();
    if ($this->isActive()) {
        return $this->connect;
    } else {
        $this->connect = $this->nowConnect();
        return $this->connect;
    }
}

//if there is active
public function isActive() {
    return $this->connect;
}

//close connection
public function close() {
    if ($this->isActive()) {
        $this->connect = null;
    }
}

下面就到了我们实际使用数据库连接的方法了,如果程序员使用到数据库连接,这些方法是最常用的,那就是获取连接

public function getConnect() {
    $this->getInfo();
    if ($this->isActive()) {
        return $this->connect;
    } else {
        $this->connect = $this->nowConnect();
        return $this->connect;
    }
}

下面就是从服务器连接的代码

public function getSlavesConnect($num) {
    $this->setToSlaves($num);
    $key = 'slave'.$num;
    if ($this->PDOSlaves[$key]) {
        return $this->PDOSlaves[$key];
    } else {
        $connect               = $this->nowConnect();
        $this->PDOSlaves[$key] = $connect;
        return $this->PDOSlaves[$key];
    }
}
//Serval attributes change to slaver DataBase
public function setToSlaves($num) {
    if ($this->db['slaves'][$num]['dsn'] && $this->db['slaves'][$num]['user'] && $this->db['slaves'][$num]['password']) {
        $this->dsn        = $this->db['slaves'][$num]['dsn'];
        $this->user       = $this->db['slaves'][$num]['user'];
        $this->pass       = $this->db['slaves'][$num]['password'];
        $this->rightNowDb = 'slaves'.$num;
    } else {
        $this->err('slaves '.$num.':: missing info!');
    }
}

public function setMaster() {
    $this->getInfo();
    return $this;
}

public function getRightNowDb() {
    return $this->rightNowDb;
}

写到这边很多人就有疑问了,介绍了这么多方法,都是数据库连接的,光连接数据库没有什么用处啊!还是不对数据库做一点的操作,而且按照现在的介绍应该会new两个类,进行互不相干的联系,这样不是很low!还不如封装成一个!

有这个想法的人很好!说明在思考,因为我当时在阅读Yii2.0源码的时候打开它也有这同样的想法,但之后看到了他对这个的解决方法,我茅塞顿开

public function createCommand($sql = null) {
    //first connect the db
    $command = new Command([
            'db'  => $this->getConnect(),
            'sql' => $sql,
        ]);
    return $command;
}

public function createSlavesComm($num = 0, $sql = null) {
    $command = new Command([
            'db'  => $this->getSlavesConnect($num),
            'sql' => $sql,
        ]);
    return $command;
}

这就是所有的数据库连接的代码,下面介绍Command类,首先是构造方法和一些属性,数据库连接很显然就储存在类内pdo的属性内

//this save sql word
private $sql;

//pdo connect
private $pdo;

//the pdo statement
private $pdoStmt;

//the last db select is in here
private $lastCommandDb;

private $dataType = PDO::FETCH_ASSOC; //从数据库内取出数据的默认属性

//Connection.php to new a command
public function __construct($arr) {
    $this->sql = $arr['sql']?$arr['sql']:'';
    $this->pdo = $arr['db'];
}

数据库sql搜索,分为准备和执行两步,运用PDO的方法,一旦有错误,抛错,记录日志,没有准备就执行的话,系统会抛throw new PDOException('PDO is Fail to use execute before prepare!');错误

//Must handle
private function prepare() {
    //if there have stmt
    if ($this->pdoStmt) {
        $this->lastCommandDb = $this->pdoStmt;
    }
    $this->pdoStmt = $this->pdo->prepare($this->sql);
}

//execute it and return
private function execute($method) {
    if ($this->pdoStmt) {
        $pdoStmt = $this->pdoStmt;
        $pdoStmt->execute();
        $res = $pdoStmt->$method($this->dataType);
        if (!$res) {
            $msg = 'The result is empty, The sql word is :: '.$this->sql;
            LogWrite::getinstance()->IntoWhere('errordb')->Info($msg)->execute();
            return false;
        }
        return $res;
    } else {
        throw new PDOException('PDO is Fail to use execute before prepare!');
    }
}

下面介绍事务,作为一个数据库操作,那就肯定需要事务,没有事务的话,往往就出现致命的错误,突然说到事务有可能会有点唐突,下面就举个很简单的例子,关于银行的

银行内部不同的人会对应不同的账户,每个账户都是一条数据库记录,下面模拟一个转账业务:A转账给B 100块

当A转账给B的时候,A账户内的钱减去100,此时是成功的,当给B内的帐户添加100块的时候,由于某些原因(由于死锁导致执行时间超时,系统内部错误等),B的帐户内没有多100块钱,这个转账事务其实是失败的,但是一旦没有事务的约束,只有拋个错,没有纪录和回滚的话其实对于一个转账业务来说这是致命的!!!!

在这个基础上,就诞生了事务的概念,PDO也有对其的一套完整的解决方案,那我们下面就来封装它

//transction handle
private function transction() {
    try {
        $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
        $res = $this->pdo->exec($this->sql);
        if ($this->pdo->errorInfo()[0] != '00000') {
            throw new PDOException('DB Error::Fail to change the database!!  The sql is: '.$this->sql.' The Error is :: '.$this->pdo->errorInfo()[2]);
        }
        $this->pdo->commit();
        return true;
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        $this->pdo->rollback();
        LogWrite::getinstance()->IntoWhere('errordb')->Info($e)->execute();
        return false;
    }
}

//change it lately
private function transctions(array $sqlArr = array()) {
    try {
        $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
        foreach ($sqlArr as $value) {
            $res = $this->pdo->exec($value);
            print_r($this->pdo->errorInfo());
            if ($this->pdo->errorInfo()[0] != '00000') {
                throw new PDOException('DB Error::Fail to change the database!!  The sql is: '.$value.' The Error is :: '.$this->pdo->errorInfo()[2]);
            }
        }
        $this->pdo->commit();
        return true;
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        $this->pdo->rollback();
        LogWrite::getinstance()->IntoWhere('errordb')->Info($e)->execute();
        return false;
    }
}

以上就是基础的一些方法的封装,那应该如何使用这些方法呐,当然就是增删改查咯!

public function queryAll($fetchMode = null) {
    return $this->queryInit('fetchAll', $fetchMode);
}

public function queryOne($fetchMode = null) {
    return $this->queryInit('fetch', $fetchMode);
}

//insert into database
public function insert($table, $arr) {
    $this->sql = Merj::sql()->insert($table)->value($arr)->sqlVal();
    return $this->transction();
}

//insert serval database
public function insertSomeVal($table, array $key, array $arr) {
    $this->sql = Merj::sql()->insert($table)->servalValue($key, $arr)->sqlVal();
    return $this->transction();
}

//update the database
public function update($table, $arr, $where) {
    $this->sql = Merj::sql()->update($table)->set($arr)->where($where)->sqlVal();
    return $this->transction();
}

public function updateTrans(array $sqlArr = array()) {
    return $this->transctions($sqlArr);
}

//delete one record
public function delete($table, $whereArr) {
    $this->sql = Merj::sql()->delete($table)->where($whereArr)->sqlVal();
    return $this->transction();
}

private function queryInit($method, $fetchMode = null) {
    if ($fetchMode) {
        $this->dataType = $fetchMode;
    }
    if ($this->sql && $this->pdo) {
        $this->prepare();
        $result = $this->execute($method);
        return $result?$result:'';
    } else {
        $err = 'Sql or PDO is empty; The sql is '.$this->sql;
        LogWrite::getinstance()->IntoWhere('errordb')->Info($this->sql)->execute();
        throw new PDOException($err);
        return false;
    }
}

方法很多,其实是有规律的

public static function sql() {
    return new QueryBuilder();
}

没错,框架运用到的就是sql语句的链式调用拼接方法

$connect = Connection::getinstance();
$connect->createCommand($sql)->queryOne();
$connect->createCommand($sql)->queryAll();
$connect::db()->createCommand()->insert('tableName', [
        'Val Key1' => 'Val1',
        'Val Key2' => 'Val2',
    ]);
Merj::db()->createSlavesComm(0, 'SELECT * FROM content')->queryAll(); //从服务器操作数据库

数据库的模型类方法部分展示,所有模型继承至此类:

/**
 * 返回一条纪录内的一个值
 * @param  想要取出的值
 * @param  主键对应的值
 * @return 返回一个值
 **/
public function findOnlyOne($target, $idVal) {
    $sql = Merj::sql()->select($target)->from($this->tableName)->where([
            $this->primKey => $idVal,
        ])->sqlVal();
    $rows = Merj::db()->createCommand($sql)->queryOne();
    if ($rows) {
        return $rows[$target];
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}
/**
 * 返回一条纪录
 * @param  主键属性
 * @param  主键对应的值
 * @return 返回这条纪录
 **/
public function findOneRecord($userIdVal) {
    $sql = Merj::sql()->select()->from($this->tableName)->where([
            $this->primKey => $userIdVal,
        ])->sqlVal();
    $rows = Merj::db()->createCommand($sql)->queryOne();
    if ($rows) {
        return $rows;
    } else {
        return false;
    }
}
/**
 * 通过sql语句查找
 * @param  sql words
 * @return results
 **/
public function findBySql($sql) {
    return Merj::db()->createCommand($sql)->queryAll();
}
/**
 * @param  Insert info
 * @return success or not
 **/    
public function insertOne($arr) {
    return Merj::db()->createCommand()->insert($this->tableName, $arr);
}
/**
 * @param  Insert infos
 * @return success or not
 **/
public function insertNum(array $key = array(), array $arr = array()) {
    return Merj::db()->createCommand()->insertSomeVal($this->tableName, $key, $arr);
}
/** 
 * 更新一条记录
 * @param
 * @param
 * @return success or not
 **/
public function updateOneRec($arrUpDate, $idVal) {
    return Merj::db()->createCommand()->update($this->tableName, $arrUpDate, [
            $this->primKey => $idVal,
        ]);
}
/**
 * 多个sql语句更新
 * @param  sql array
 * @return success or not
 **/
public function updateTrans($sqlArr) {
    return Merj::db()->createCommand()->updateTrans($sqlArr);
}
/**
 * 删除一条记录
 * @param  where $arr
 * @return success or not
 **/
public function deleteOne($arr) {
    return Merj::db()->createCommand()->delete($this->tableName, $arr);
}

/**
 * object to array
 * @param  object
 * @return array
 **/
public function obj_arr($obj) {
    if (is_object($obj)) {
        $array = (array) $obj;
    }if (is_array($obj)) {
        foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
            $array[$key] = $this->obj_arr($value);
        }
    }
    return $array;
}
public function jsonUtf8Out($arr) {
    foreach ($arr as $key => $value) {
        if (is_array($value)) {
            $arr[$key] = $this->jsonUtf8Out($value);
        } else {
            $arr[$key] = urlencode($value);
        }
    }
    return $arr;
}

最后两个方法为两个递归方法

好了!说了这么多,笔者要去吃饭了!明天还有一天的高考,祝大家高考顺利!

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