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Animation总结(差值器和估值器)

2017-07-31  本文已影响453人  Chauncey_Chen

补间动画

分类

  1. 平移Translate
  2. 缩放Scale
  3. 旋转rotate
  4. 渐变alpha

应用场景

1.启动页,开始按钮,飞入效果可以用.
2.listview或者recycleview的item进入动画.

属性动画

由于补间动画的只有四种变化的局限性,引入了属性动画.
字面上来说, 属性动画就是通过改变view的属性(比如高度,宽度,坐标等等),达到目的.so...只要你view有的属性,都能改变.无所不能.
原理是

但是,当自定义view需要 用属性动画时候,必须要有get和set方法

ObjectAnimator

改变一个对象的动画属性

ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button,"rotationX",0,360).start(),
             

ValueAnimator

改变一个对象的色值,可以改变对象的背景,textcolor等等

      //ValueAnimator valueAnimator=ObjectAnimator.ofInt(button,"textColor",0xfff8080,0xff8080ff);
        ValueAnimator valueAnimator=ObjectAnimator.ofInt(button,"backgroundColor",0xfff8080,0xff8080ff);
        valueAnimator.setDuration(5000).setEvaluator(new ArgbEvaluator());
        valueAnimator.setRepeatCount(ValueAnimator.INFINITE);
        valueAnimator.setRepeatMode(ValueAnimator.REVERSE);
        valueAnimator.start();

AnimatorSet

动画集合, 可以同时开始,也可以顺序开始

        AnimatorSet animatorSet =new AnimatorSet();
        animatorSet.playTogether(
                ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button,"rotationX",0,360),
                ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button,"translationX",0,90),
                ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button,"scaleX",1,1.5f),
                ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(button,"alpha",1,0.2f,1)

                );
        animatorSet.setDuration(5000).start();

XML定义动画

<set android:ordering="sequentially"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        <objectAnimator
            android:propertyName="x"
            android:duration="500"
            android:valueTo="400"
            android:valueType="intType"/>
        <objectAnimator
            android:propertyName="y"
            android:duration="500"
            android:valueTo="300"
            android:valueType="intType"/>
    <objectAnimator
        android:propertyName="alpha"
        android:duration="500"
        android:valueTo="1f"/>
</set>

插值器Interpolator

作用

根据事件流逝的百分比 计算 当前属性改变的百分比.举个例子,就是根据你设置的Durantion流逝的百分比,来改变位移(tanslate)的速度.

场景

实现非线性运动的动画效果

非线性运动:动画改变的速率不是一成不变的,如加速 & 减速运动都属于非线性运动

目前,Android中已经有了几种插值器,如下:

TimeInterpolator

一个父接口,所有Interpolator都应该实现它.其中方法中的 input 值 是百分比, 也就是取值在0~1之间.

public interface TimeInterpolator {

    /**
     * Maps a value representing the elapsed fraction of an animation to a value that represents
     * the interpolated fraction. This interpolated value is then multiplied by the change in
     * value of an animation to derive the animated value at the current elapsed animation time.
     *
     * @param input A value between 0 and 1.0 indicating our current point
     *        in the animation where 0 represents the start and 1.0 represents
     *        the end
     * @return The interpolation value. This value can be more than 1.0 for
     *         interpolators which overshoot their targets, or less than 0 for
     *         interpolators that undershoot their targets.
     */
    float getInterpolation(float input);
}

估值器Evaluator

设置 属性值 从初始值过渡到结束值 的变化具体数值

插值器(Interpolator)决定 值 的变化规律(匀速、加速blabla),即决定的是变化趋势;
而具体变化数值则交给估值器evaluator.

fraction:动画完成度,插值器getInterpolation()的返回值(input的值决定了fraction的值),代表时间流逝的百分比

startValue:动画的初始值

endValue:动画的结束值

public interface TypeEvaluator<T> {

    /**
     * This function returns the result of linearly interpolating the start and end values, with
     * <code>fraction</code> representing the proportion between the start and end values. The
     * calculation is a simple parametric calculation: <code>result = x0 + t * (x1 - x0)</code>,
     * where <code>x0</code> is <code>startValue</code>, <code>x1</code> is <code>endValue</code>,
     * and <code>t</code> is <code>fraction</code>.
     *
     * @param fraction   The fraction from the starting to the ending values
     * @param startValue The start value.
     * @param endValue   The end value.
     * @return A linear interpolation between the start and end values, given the
     *         <code>fraction</code> parameter.
     */
    public T evaluate(float fraction, T startValue, T endValue);

}

常见的实现类

插值器的input值 和 估值器fraction关系

input的值决定了fraction的值:input值经过计算后传入到插值器的getInterpolation(),然后通过实现getInterpolation()中的逻辑算法,根据input值来计算出一个返回值,而这个返回值就是fraction了} }

差值器和估值器例子---抛物线小球(老梗了...)

效果图

evaluator_gif_1.gif

思路

  1. 首先这是给ImageView一个属性动画ObjectAnimator.

  2. 修改动画的加载速度和弹性效果--用 差值器BounceInterpolator

  3. 小球的运动轨迹,可以用自定义viewondraw()实现,也可以用自定义估值器MyEvaluator实现.

  4. 运动轨迹,是抛物线,所有用类似y^2=x,即可实现.可用估值器,动态修改view的x,y的坐标即可;

  5. public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation)中,拿到MyEvaluator修改过的x,y的坐标,然后将imageview的坐标修改即可.

代码如下:


public class MyEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator<Point> {


    @Override
    public Point evaluate(float fraction, Point startValue, Point endValue) {
        Point point = new Point();
        //y^2=x;(x>0) 就是抛物线~这里100是为了扩大像素的位移量.
        point.x=startValue.x+fraction*(endValue.x-startValue.x);
        point.y=startValue.y+(fraction*(endValue.y-startValue.y))*fraction*fraction;

        return point;
    }
}
      public void paowuxian(final View v) {
         int animHeigh=getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();//得到屏幕宽高
         int animWidth=getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();

        ValueAnimator objectAnimator = ObjectAnimator.ofObject(new MyEvaluator(), new Point(0, 0),new Point(animWidth-400, animHeigh-400));//加载自定义的估值器,起始点坐标.
        objectAnimator.setDuration(5000);
        objectAnimator.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());//设置差值器效果
        objectAnimator.addUpdateListener(new ValueAnimator.AnimatorUpdateListener() {//设置帧动画 监听.
            @Override
            public void onAnimationUpdate(ValueAnimator animation) {
                Point point = (Point) animation.getAnimatedValue();
                mBlueBall.setX(point.x);//动态修改坐标
                mBlueBall.setY(point.y);
            }
        });
        objectAnimator.start();

    }    

最后动画流程图

参考

  1. http://blog.csdn.net/xsf50717/article/details/50472341

  2. 自定义控件三部曲之动画篇(二)——Interpolator插值器

  3. https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/prop-animation.html

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